Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Steffen, Tiago Filipe
Data de Publicação: 2017
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7761
Resumo: The southeastern Grasslands of South America presents a rich diversity of birds and include an important area covering Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay. The pressure caused by overgrazing is considered one of the main causes of threat to native grasslands. Studies that quantify these pressures are necessary for supporting management proposals that ensure the maintenance of the local biota.We aimed to verify how cattle stocking management (low, intermediate and high stocking rates) would influence upon environmental variables and also on the bird community in the grasslands of the ecological system Shallow Soil Grassland (SSG). We conducted our study insouthwestern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and in the departments of Rivera, Taquarembó and Salto, Uruguay, in grasslands of the ecological system of SSG. We surveyed birds during the Austral spring-summer (2014-15 and 2015-16). We used point counts to identify birds and a standardized method to sample environmental variables (percentage of vegetation cover, water, dung, and exposed soil; height of vegetation and lateral obstruction of vegetation) in 320 sample units disposed in three different cattle stocking managements: low, intermediate and high. We present our results in two chapters, the first as a manuscript to be subbmited to a research journal and the second as a booklet to spread the obtained results to the largest number of people directly involved. For the environmental variables, we observed that grasslands with high and intermediate cattle stocking presented greater amount of dung when compared to low cattle stocking. Moreover, the average height of vegetation was significantly lower in fields with high cattle stocking. The species richness and abundance of birds, in the sample units, showed differences between the management types (P< 0.001, for both), however, birds’ community did not present clear associations between species and the diferent cattle management types. Vegetation height and dung cover were the environment variables with the greatest influence in the SSG´s grasslandsbird community. The Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata) was the species with highest relation with dung and the Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) showed the greatest relation to vegetation height. We recorded five species classified in any of global or regional threat categories. Two species were observed in all three management: the Greater Rhea (Rhea americana, almost threatened globally) and the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia, almost threatened in Uruguay).Only two species in the management with low and intermediate cattle stockingthe Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis, vulnerable in Uruguay) and the Ochre-breasted Pipit (Anthus nattereri, globally vulnerable; vulnerable in Brazil and Uruguay). And one species exclusively to the intermediate management type: the Pampas Meadwlark (Sturnella defilippii, globally vulnerable; extinct in Brazil and endangered in Uruguay). We conclude that in the SSG grasslands, the extensive livestock management is a necessary ally for the maintenance of the threatened bird species thatmostly depend on a taller vegetation structure, present only in grasslands with low or intermediate cattle stocking.
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spelling Fontana, Carla Suertegaray459.354.670-20http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785850H7Dotta, Grazielahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765707P1005.597.630-18http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4248253P9Steffen, Tiago Filipe2017-12-04T13:02:31Z2017-03-13http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7761The southeastern Grasslands of South America presents a rich diversity of birds and include an important area covering Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay. The pressure caused by overgrazing is considered one of the main causes of threat to native grasslands. Studies that quantify these pressures are necessary for supporting management proposals that ensure the maintenance of the local biota.We aimed to verify how cattle stocking management (low, intermediate and high stocking rates) would influence upon environmental variables and also on the bird community in the grasslands of the ecological system Shallow Soil Grassland (SSG). We conducted our study insouthwestern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and in the departments of Rivera, Taquarembó and Salto, Uruguay, in grasslands of the ecological system of SSG. We surveyed birds during the Austral spring-summer (2014-15 and 2015-16). We used point counts to identify birds and a standardized method to sample environmental variables (percentage of vegetation cover, water, dung, and exposed soil; height of vegetation and lateral obstruction of vegetation) in 320 sample units disposed in three different cattle stocking managements: low, intermediate and high. We present our results in two chapters, the first as a manuscript to be subbmited to a research journal and the second as a booklet to spread the obtained results to the largest number of people directly involved. For the environmental variables, we observed that grasslands with high and intermediate cattle stocking presented greater amount of dung when compared to low cattle stocking. Moreover, the average height of vegetation was significantly lower in fields with high cattle stocking. The species richness and abundance of birds, in the sample units, showed differences between the management types (P< 0.001, for both), however, birds’ community did not present clear associations between species and the diferent cattle management types. Vegetation height and dung cover were the environment variables with the greatest influence in the SSG´s grasslandsbird community. The Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata) was the species with highest relation with dung and the Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) showed the greatest relation to vegetation height. We recorded five species classified in any of global or regional threat categories. Two species were observed in all three management: the Greater Rhea (Rhea americana, almost threatened globally) and the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia, almost threatened in Uruguay).Only two species in the management with low and intermediate cattle stockingthe Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis, vulnerable in Uruguay) and the Ochre-breasted Pipit (Anthus nattereri, globally vulnerable; vulnerable in Brazil and Uruguay). And one species exclusively to the intermediate management type: the Pampas Meadwlark (Sturnella defilippii, globally vulnerable; extinct in Brazil and endangered in Uruguay). We conclude that in the SSG grasslands, the extensive livestock management is a necessary ally for the maintenance of the threatened bird species thatmostly depend on a taller vegetation structure, present only in grasslands with low or intermediate cattle stocking.Os campos do sudeste da América do Sul abrigam uma rica diversidade de aves e englobam uma importante área que abrange Brasil, Uruguai, Argentina e Paraguai. A pressão causada pelo sobrepastejo é considerada uma das causas de ameaça aos campos nativos. Estudos que quantifiquem essas pressões são necessários para que propostas de manejo garantam a manutenção da biota local. Nosso objetivo principal foi conhecer como três formas de manejo, utilizadas na pecuária extensiva (carga baixa, intermediária e alta de gado), atuam sobre variáveis ambientais e a comunidade de aves nos campos do sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos (CSR). Esse estudo foi conduzido no sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e nos departamentos de Rivera, Taquarembó e Salto no Uruguai, região com predomínio do sistema ecológico CSR. Realizamos duas temporadas de amostragem de aves durante a primavera-verão (2014 - 15 e 2015 - 16). Utilizamos parcelas circulares de raio fixo para identificar as aves e uma amostragem padronizada de variáveis ambientais (percentual de cobertura de vegetação, água, esterco e solo exposto; altura da vegetação e obstrução lateral da vegetação) em 320 unidades amostrais dispostas em áreas submetidas aos três diferentes tipos de manejo com o gado. Apresentamos, em dois capítulos, (1) os resultados obtidos em forma de artigo científico e (2) parte dos resultados de maneira simplificada, no formato de cartilha, com o intuito de divulgar o conhecimento ao maior número de pessoas diretamente envolvidas. Como resultado para as variáveis ambientais, observamos que campos com carga de gado alta e intermediária apresentaram maiores quantidades de esterco quando comparadas aos campos com carga baixa, e que a altura média da vegetação foi significativamente menor nos campos com carga alta. A riqueza e a abundância de aves, nas unidades amostrais, apresentaram diferenças entre os tipos de manejo (P< 0.001, em ambos), porém a comunidade de aves não apresentou claro agrupamento de espécies. Observamos que a altura da vegetação e o esterco foram as variáveis ambientais com maior influência na avifauna campestre do sistema ecológico CSR, sendo a pomba-de-bando (Zenaida auriculata) a espécie com maior relação positiva com o esterco e a corruíra-do-campo (Cistothorus platensis) a espécie com maior relação positiva com a altura da vegetação. Observamos cinco espécies classificadas em alguma das categorias de ameaça global ou regional. Duas espécies foram observadas nos três tipos de manejo: ema (Rhea americana; quase ameaçada globalmente) e coruja-buraqueira (Athene cunicularia; quase ameaçada no Uruguai); duas apenas nos manejos com carga animal baixa e intermediária: corruíra-do-campo (Cistothorus platensis; vulnerável no Uruguai) e caminheiro-grande (Anthus nattereri; vulnerável globalmente, no Brasil e no Uruguai); e uma: peito-vermelho-grande (Sturnella defilippii, vulnerável globalmente; extinta no Brasil; em perigo no Uruguai;) exclusivamente no manejo intermediário. Com isso, concluímos que nos campos do sistema ecológico CSR o manejo da pecuária extensiva, com cargas animais baixas ou intermediárias mostra-se um aliado necessário para a manutenção de espécies ameaçadas, que, em sua maioria, dependem de uma estrutura de vegetação mais alta.Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-04T13:01:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf: 4296796 bytes, checksum: 6c05eb15fb001734ee167d50ade117c5 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-04T13:02:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf: 4296796 bytes, checksum: 6c05eb15fb001734ee167d50ade117c5 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-04T13:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf: 4296796 bytes, checksum: 6c05eb15fb001734ee167d50ade117c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqapplication/pdfhttp://tede2.pucrs.br:80/tede2/retrieve/170421/DIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgporPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulPrograma de Pós-Graduação em ZoologiaPUCRSBrasilFaculdade de BiociênciasAvesEcologiaOrnitologiaZoologiaCIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIAInfluência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sulinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisTrabalho não apresenta restrição para publicação200892523190274115160060060060036528317262667714-6482652380601267558-2555911436985713659info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RSinstname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)instacron:PUC_RSTHUMBNAILDIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgDIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg3658http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/7761/5/DIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf.jpg881c6a7481fea94f149221bb47dad7bbMD55TEXTDIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf.txtDIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf.txttext/plain172759http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/7761/4/DIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf.txt669a416e354b9fafddc6802cf937339eMD54LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-8610http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/7761/3/license.txt5a9d6006225b368ef605ba16b4f6d1beMD53ORIGINALDIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdfDIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdfapplication/pdf4296796http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/bitstream/tede/7761/2/DIS_TIAGO_FILIPE_STEFFEN_COMPLETO.pdf6c05eb15fb001734ee167d50ade117c5MD52tede/77612017-12-04 12:01:05.79oai:tede2.pucrs.br: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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttp://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/PRIhttps://tede2.pucrs.br/oai/requestbiblioteca.central@pucrs.br||opendoar:2017-12-04T14:01:05Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
title Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
spellingShingle Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
Steffen, Tiago Filipe
Aves
Ecologia
Ornitologia
Zoologia
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
title_short Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
title_full Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
title_fullStr Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
title_full_unstemmed Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
title_sort Influência da carga animal na comunidade de aves campestres no sistema ecológico Campo de Solos Rasos, sudeste da América do Sul
author Steffen, Tiago Filipe
author_facet Steffen, Tiago Filipe
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Fontana, Carla Suertegaray
dc.contributor.advisor1ID.fl_str_mv 459.354.670-20
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4785850H7
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Dotta, Graziela
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765707P1
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv 005.597.630-18
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4248253P9
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Steffen, Tiago Filipe
contributor_str_mv Fontana, Carla Suertegaray
Dotta, Graziela
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Aves
Ecologia
Ornitologia
Zoologia
topic Aves
Ecologia
Ornitologia
Zoologia
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
description The southeastern Grasslands of South America presents a rich diversity of birds and include an important area covering Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay. The pressure caused by overgrazing is considered one of the main causes of threat to native grasslands. Studies that quantify these pressures are necessary for supporting management proposals that ensure the maintenance of the local biota.We aimed to verify how cattle stocking management (low, intermediate and high stocking rates) would influence upon environmental variables and also on the bird community in the grasslands of the ecological system Shallow Soil Grassland (SSG). We conducted our study insouthwestern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and in the departments of Rivera, Taquarembó and Salto, Uruguay, in grasslands of the ecological system of SSG. We surveyed birds during the Austral spring-summer (2014-15 and 2015-16). We used point counts to identify birds and a standardized method to sample environmental variables (percentage of vegetation cover, water, dung, and exposed soil; height of vegetation and lateral obstruction of vegetation) in 320 sample units disposed in three different cattle stocking managements: low, intermediate and high. We present our results in two chapters, the first as a manuscript to be subbmited to a research journal and the second as a booklet to spread the obtained results to the largest number of people directly involved. For the environmental variables, we observed that grasslands with high and intermediate cattle stocking presented greater amount of dung when compared to low cattle stocking. Moreover, the average height of vegetation was significantly lower in fields with high cattle stocking. The species richness and abundance of birds, in the sample units, showed differences between the management types (P< 0.001, for both), however, birds’ community did not present clear associations between species and the diferent cattle management types. Vegetation height and dung cover were the environment variables with the greatest influence in the SSG´s grasslandsbird community. The Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata) was the species with highest relation with dung and the Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis) showed the greatest relation to vegetation height. We recorded five species classified in any of global or regional threat categories. Two species were observed in all three management: the Greater Rhea (Rhea americana, almost threatened globally) and the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia, almost threatened in Uruguay).Only two species in the management with low and intermediate cattle stockingthe Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis, vulnerable in Uruguay) and the Ochre-breasted Pipit (Anthus nattereri, globally vulnerable; vulnerable in Brazil and Uruguay). And one species exclusively to the intermediate management type: the Pampas Meadwlark (Sturnella defilippii, globally vulnerable; extinct in Brazil and endangered in Uruguay). We conclude that in the SSG grasslands, the extensive livestock management is a necessary ally for the maintenance of the threatened bird species thatmostly depend on a taller vegetation structure, present only in grasslands with low or intermediate cattle stocking.
publishDate 2017
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dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv Faculdade de Biociências
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