Associação entre as alterações da via aérea superior e marcadores de progressão da doença em pacientes com fibrose cística

• Autor(a) principal: Steffen, Luciane Mazzini
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8211
• topic: Fibrose Cística; Via Aérea Inferior; Bacteriologia; Pólipo Nasal; Cystic Fibrosis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Bacteriology; Nasal Polyps; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA

Introduction: Cystic Fibrosis is a disease characterized by recurrent infections and chronic inflammation of the respiratory system that lead to irreversible pulmonary complications. Infections are mainly caused by Staphilococcus aureos(SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Early diagnosis for identification of colonizing germs is an important challenge. Guidelines suggest the use of swab cultures of the oropharynx or sputum. However, studies on molecular testing, or alternative methods of collection are still unconclusive. The involvement of the upper airway (nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses) has been cited as the primary source of infection. The present study aims to describe and compare the most frequent findings and pathogens in the nasal tract in patients with cystic fibrosis and to correlate findings with markers of severity and progression of lung disease. Methods: This is a retrospective study, which included patients with a diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) who are followed up at the Multidisciplinary Outpatient Clinic of the Pediatric Pulmonology Unit of the Hospital São Lucas (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS). Patients who have performed otorhinolaryngological evaluation (ENT) in the last two years (2015-2016) were included. The video naso endoscopy and nasal swab collection were part of the ENT evaluation. Results: 48 patients with CF were included, of which 30 (62.5%) were male. The mean age was 12.15 years ±6.60, and the mean predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) was 83.36 ±30.04. When evaluating the presence and characteristic of nasal secretion, only 9 patients (18.7%) presented purulent secretion. Twenty-six patients (54.2%) presented grade 1 tonsils and 12 (25%) grade 2 or 3 patients. Nasal swab bacteriology was positive in 26 (54.1%) patients, from which 22 presented Staphylococcus aureos, 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Pseudomonas cepacea and 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophila (SM). In 22 patients (45.8%) the result of the culture was negative. In this study, patients who presented positive colonization by the traditional method (oropharynx / sputum) had a statistically significant chance of being identified also by nasal cavity culture (p<0.001). However, the association was not perfect, and showed a low correlation for the detection of gram negative germs. Nasal polyps were observed in 9 participants. When polyp is used as a marker of disease in nasal endoscopy, a strong association is observed between the presence of polyps and lower Shwachman-Kulczycki clinical score (p <0.001). Conclusions: the results of the culture obtained by collection of the nasal cavity were similar to those found by the standardized collection methods as markers of colonization of the inferior airway. In addition, nasal swabs is characterized as a non-invasive technique and showed to be sensitive to the identification of relevant pathogens in CF, especially SA. In addition, the presence of the polyp in the nasal cavity was shown to be associated with prognostic markers as Shwachman-Kulczycki clinical score.