Um sistema tipológico para um habitat assistido para a terceira idade

• Autor(a) principal: Fernando Luis Marques Martins
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: https://hdl.handle.net/10216/149243
• topic: Artes; Arts

The intention is to define a typological system for a "habitat for the third age". Beyond the common designation - from home for the ederly to senior residence - the objective focuses on the process of (re)interpretation of a paradigm: the way design of spaces for assisted habitat for the 3rd age in Portugal is faced. The Master's Thesis presented here, is structured into three main parts, to which are added the final considerations. The first part seeks to contextualize the field of research, evaluating and identifying the actors and the issues under study. The second part intents to acomplish an analysis of the Habitat for the 3rd age, through relevant contributions and occurrence of changes in how the notion of assisted Habitat (in the broad sense) as evolved. Throughout this chapter, we examine several possible typological and functional roots for the problem-theme under study. From the process, we emphasize three crucial moments of the analytical essay. First, we observe the concept of a therapeutic architecture, that may affect the patient's health, through the architectural project. This step occurs in the early thirties, with the innovations in the design of the sanatoriums. The concept of patient-resident, and its well-being, is defined as a polarizer of the design process. This is not an assisted habitat specifically for the 3rd age, but it implies an essencial awareness for evolution of the architectural type. Later, in the early seventies, Herman Hertzberger proposed and tested, the reconciliation of man with the "Intermediate spaces" with the mental space that allows the vast gradation of human relations, transposed to the drawing in "De Drie Hoven." This contribution is essential to define a strategy for the conceptual typological system that is being built. Indeed, it tests the definition of a social space that allows spontaneous and democratic ownership, and deconstructs the nature of prescriptive, functionalist and deterministic space, usually associated with a medical institution. In the eighties, through the contest promoted by the "Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris," the possibility of a refreshing and transversal debate on the theme, based on the positive principle of interdisciplinarity. To acomplish that, architects, specialists in geriatrics, philosophers, filmmakers, sociologists, and all actors that could contribute to some kind of relevant input on the conception of places for senior assisted living, were invited. The absence of technical or normative constraints allowed to develope a constructive experience, conceptually speaking. The purpose of this study is, to at some extent, the reinterpretation of this process from the perspective of a scientific and reasoned approach. The French experience, concerning the theme under study, proved to be decisive. For example, it was possible to observe a set of principles to be considered, when aproaching the definition of the system, based on the work of Philippe Dehan1. It consists in aplying the following directives: "Feeling at home"; Keep the spirit and the senses awake"; "Keep the body moving"; "Developing social life"; "Opening medical institutions to life projects "; "A dialectic between freedom and security." The following five case-studies - Tem Kerselaere (1979); L'Orbe (1991); Housing Virranranta (1992), Housing for the Elderly in Masans (1993), Rehab (2001) - were chosen and studied, because they represented various forms of projecting an assisted Habitat, assuming the intention to dilute the stigma associated to such spaces, and proposing a residential scale, which reinterprets the idea of an comunitarian space.