Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36513 |
Resumo: | Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) stands out as one of the main causes of dementia. This neurodegenerative disease is characterised by the deterioration of human cognitive functions – the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain causes the progressive death of neuronal cells. Worldwide, AD represents around 65% of all dementia cases, affecting mainly elderly people. This disease is composed by four evolutionary stages and the asymptomatic period can last up until 20 years. With respect to the researcher’s community, this topic remains a huge challenge since it is crucial to create a tool to assist the diagnosis in the early stages with the aim of halting the disease progression. In this way, the main purpose of this dissertation is to develop a system that would be able to differentiate each disease stage. Thereby, a nonlinear multiband analysis of the Electroencephalographic Signals (EEG) was performed enabling to study its behaviour and to extract several features from each study group. After a feature selection per electrode, it was executed, by means of Classic Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods, the data classification through a process of leave-one-out cross validation. The maximum accuracies obtained were 78.9% (C vs MCI), 81.0% (C vs ADM), 84.2% (C vs ADA), 88.9% (MCI vs ADM), 93.8% (MCI vs ADA), 77.8% (ADM vs ADA) and 56.8% (All vs All). Considering the topographic maps, it can be concluded that the central and parietal brain regions are the ones that present the most significant differences when the study groups were discriminated. In conclusion, it can be stated that entropy features are the most relevant and that DL did not over performed Classic ML results. Regarding the state of the art with the same EEG database, the proposed method outperforms by 2% in the binary comparison MCI vs ADM. This improvement reflects the performance of this powerful tool in detecting AD. |
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Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signalsAlzheimer diseaseNonlinear multiband analysisElectroencephalographic signalsClassic machine learningDeep learningDoença de AlzheimerAnálise não linear multibandaSinais eletroencefalográficosMachine learning clássicoDeep learningDomínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Biotecnologia MédicaAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) stands out as one of the main causes of dementia. This neurodegenerative disease is characterised by the deterioration of human cognitive functions – the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain causes the progressive death of neuronal cells. Worldwide, AD represents around 65% of all dementia cases, affecting mainly elderly people. This disease is composed by four evolutionary stages and the asymptomatic period can last up until 20 years. With respect to the researcher’s community, this topic remains a huge challenge since it is crucial to create a tool to assist the diagnosis in the early stages with the aim of halting the disease progression. In this way, the main purpose of this dissertation is to develop a system that would be able to differentiate each disease stage. Thereby, a nonlinear multiband analysis of the Electroencephalographic Signals (EEG) was performed enabling to study its behaviour and to extract several features from each study group. After a feature selection per electrode, it was executed, by means of Classic Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods, the data classification through a process of leave-one-out cross validation. The maximum accuracies obtained were 78.9% (C vs MCI), 81.0% (C vs ADM), 84.2% (C vs ADA), 88.9% (MCI vs ADM), 93.8% (MCI vs ADA), 77.8% (ADM vs ADA) and 56.8% (All vs All). Considering the topographic maps, it can be concluded that the central and parietal brain regions are the ones that present the most significant differences when the study groups were discriminated. In conclusion, it can be stated that entropy features are the most relevant and that DL did not over performed Classic ML results. Regarding the state of the art with the same EEG database, the proposed method outperforms by 2% in the binary comparison MCI vs ADM. This improvement reflects the performance of this powerful tool in detecting AD.A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) destaca-se como uma das principais causas de demência. Esta doença neurodegenerativa é caracterizada pela deterioração das funções cognitivas humanas – a acumulação de substâncias tóxicas no cérebro causa a morte progressiva das células neuronais. A nível mundial, a DA representa cerca de 65% de todos os casos de demência, afetando principalmente as pessoas idosas. Esta doença é composta por quatro fases evolutivas e o período assintomático pode durar até 20 anos. No que diz respeito à comunidade de investigadores, este tópico continua a ser um enorme desafio, uma vez que é crucial criar uma ferramenta para auxiliar o diagnóstico nas fases iniciais, com o objetivo de travar a progressão da doença. Desta forma, o principal propósito desta dissertação é desenvolver um sistema que seja capaz de diferenciar cada fase da doença. Assim, foi realizada uma análise não linear multibanda dos Sinais Eletroencefalográficos (EEG), permitindo o estudo do seu comportamento e a extração de várias características de cada grupo de estudo. Após uma seleção de características por elétrodo, foi realizada, através de métodos de Machine Learning (ML) Clássico e Deep Learning (DL), a classificação dos dados através de um processo de validação cruzada de leave-one-out. As precisões máximas obtidas foram 78,9% (C vs MCI), 81,0% (C vs ADM), 84,2% (C vs ADA), 88,9% (MCI vs ADM), 93,8% (MCI vs ADA), 77,8% (ADM vs ADA) e 56,8% (All vs All). Atendendo aos mapas topográficos, pode concluir-se que as regiões do cérebro central e parietal são as que apresentam diferenças mais significativas quando se discriminam os grupos de estudo. Em conclusão, pode-se afirmar que as características de entropia são as mais relevantes e que DL não apresentou resultados superiores ao ML Clássico. Relativamente ao estado da arte com a mesma base de dados EEG, o método proposto supera em 2% na comparação binária MCI vs ADM. Esta melhoria reflete o desempenho desta poderosa ferramenta na detecção da AD.Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel de LuísVeritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica PortuguesaAraújo, Teresa Guerra Mendonça de Sousa de2023-01-20T01:30:27Z2021-12-092021-112021-12-09T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36513TID:202886239enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-12T17:41:59Zoai:repositorio.ucp.pt:10400.14/36513Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T18:29:40.744652Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals |
title |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals |
spellingShingle |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals Araújo, Teresa Guerra Mendonça de Sousa de Alzheimer disease Nonlinear multiband analysis Electroencephalographic signals Classic machine learning Deep learning Doença de Alzheimer Análise não linear multibanda Sinais eletroencefalográficos Machine learning clássico Deep learning Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Biotecnologia Médica |
title_short |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals |
title_full |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals |
title_fullStr |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals |
title_sort |
Artificial intelligence system for the automatic detection of Alzheimer disease through electroencephalographic signals |
author |
Araújo, Teresa Guerra Mendonça de Sousa de |
author_facet |
Araújo, Teresa Guerra Mendonça de Sousa de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel de Luís Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Araújo, Teresa Guerra Mendonça de Sousa de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Alzheimer disease Nonlinear multiband analysis Electroencephalographic signals Classic machine learning Deep learning Doença de Alzheimer Análise não linear multibanda Sinais eletroencefalográficos Machine learning clássico Deep learning Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Biotecnologia Médica |
topic |
Alzheimer disease Nonlinear multiband analysis Electroencephalographic signals Classic machine learning Deep learning Doença de Alzheimer Análise não linear multibanda Sinais eletroencefalográficos Machine learning clássico Deep learning Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Biotecnologia Médica |
description |
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) stands out as one of the main causes of dementia. This neurodegenerative disease is characterised by the deterioration of human cognitive functions – the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain causes the progressive death of neuronal cells. Worldwide, AD represents around 65% of all dementia cases, affecting mainly elderly people. This disease is composed by four evolutionary stages and the asymptomatic period can last up until 20 years. With respect to the researcher’s community, this topic remains a huge challenge since it is crucial to create a tool to assist the diagnosis in the early stages with the aim of halting the disease progression. In this way, the main purpose of this dissertation is to develop a system that would be able to differentiate each disease stage. Thereby, a nonlinear multiband analysis of the Electroencephalographic Signals (EEG) was performed enabling to study its behaviour and to extract several features from each study group. After a feature selection per electrode, it was executed, by means of Classic Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods, the data classification through a process of leave-one-out cross validation. The maximum accuracies obtained were 78.9% (C vs MCI), 81.0% (C vs ADM), 84.2% (C vs ADA), 88.9% (MCI vs ADM), 93.8% (MCI vs ADA), 77.8% (ADM vs ADA) and 56.8% (All vs All). Considering the topographic maps, it can be concluded that the central and parietal brain regions are the ones that present the most significant differences when the study groups were discriminated. In conclusion, it can be stated that entropy features are the most relevant and that DL did not over performed Classic ML results. Regarding the state of the art with the same EEG database, the proposed method outperforms by 2% in the binary comparison MCI vs ADM. This improvement reflects the performance of this powerful tool in detecting AD. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-09 2021-11 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z 2023-01-20T01:30:27Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36513 TID:202886239 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36513 |
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eng |
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eng |
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openAccess |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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