The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14004 |
Resumo: | Agricultural nutrient balances have been receiving increasing attention in both historical and nutrient management research. The main objectives of this study were to further develop balance methodologies and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the functioning and nutrient cycling of 1950s agroecosystems in Portugal. Additionally, the main implications for the history of agriculture in Portugal were discussed from the standpoint of soil fertility. We used a mass balance approach that comprises virtually all nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) inputs and outputs from cropland topsoil for average conditions in the period 1951–56. We found a consistent deficit in N, both for nationwide (−2.1 kg.ha−1.yr−1) and arable crops (−1.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1) estimates, that was rectified in the turn to the 1960 decade. P and K were, in contrast, accumulating in the soil (4.2–4.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1 and 1.0–3.0 kg.ha−1.yr−1, respectively). We observed that the 1950s is the very moment of inflection from an agriculture fertilized predominantly through reused N in biomass (livestock excretions plus marine, plant and human waste sources) to one where chemical fertilizers prevailed. It is suggested that N deficiency played an important role in this transition |
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The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilizationsoil nutrient balanceorganic fertilizationchemical fertilizationPortugalAgricultural nutrient balances have been receiving increasing attention in both historical and nutrient management research. The main objectives of this study were to further develop balance methodologies and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the functioning and nutrient cycling of 1950s agroecosystems in Portugal. Additionally, the main implications for the history of agriculture in Portugal were discussed from the standpoint of soil fertility. We used a mass balance approach that comprises virtually all nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) inputs and outputs from cropland topsoil for average conditions in the period 1951–56. We found a consistent deficit in N, both for nationwide (−2.1 kg.ha−1.yr−1) and arable crops (−1.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1) estimates, that was rectified in the turn to the 1960 decade. P and K were, in contrast, accumulating in the soil (4.2–4.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1 and 1.0–3.0 kg.ha−1.yr−1, respectively). We observed that the 1950s is the very moment of inflection from an agriculture fertilized predominantly through reused N in biomass (livestock excretions plus marine, plant and human waste sources) to one where chemical fertilizers prevailed. It is suggested that N deficiency played an important role in this transitionNature Publishing GroupRepositório da Universidade de LisboaCarmo, MiguelGarcia-Ruiz, RobertoFerreira, Maria IsabelDomingos, Tiago2017-09-05T13:12:25Z2017-082017-08-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14004engSCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 7 (1): 811110.1038/s41598-017-08118-3info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-03-06T14:44:05Zoai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/14004Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:59:54.102907Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization |
title |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization |
spellingShingle |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization Carmo, Miguel soil nutrient balance organic fertilization chemical fertilization Portugal |
title_short |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization |
title_full |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization |
title_fullStr |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization |
title_full_unstemmed |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization |
title_sort |
The N-P-K soil nutrient balance of portuguese cropland in the 1950s: the transition from organic to chemical fertilization |
author |
Carmo, Miguel |
author_facet |
Carmo, Miguel Garcia-Ruiz, Roberto Ferreira, Maria Isabel Domingos, Tiago |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Garcia-Ruiz, Roberto Ferreira, Maria Isabel Domingos, Tiago |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Carmo, Miguel Garcia-Ruiz, Roberto Ferreira, Maria Isabel Domingos, Tiago |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
soil nutrient balance organic fertilization chemical fertilization Portugal |
topic |
soil nutrient balance organic fertilization chemical fertilization Portugal |
description |
Agricultural nutrient balances have been receiving increasing attention in both historical and nutrient management research. The main objectives of this study were to further develop balance methodologies and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the functioning and nutrient cycling of 1950s agroecosystems in Portugal. Additionally, the main implications for the history of agriculture in Portugal were discussed from the standpoint of soil fertility. We used a mass balance approach that comprises virtually all nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) inputs and outputs from cropland topsoil for average conditions in the period 1951–56. We found a consistent deficit in N, both for nationwide (−2.1 kg.ha−1.yr−1) and arable crops (−1.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1) estimates, that was rectified in the turn to the 1960 decade. P and K were, in contrast, accumulating in the soil (4.2–4.6 kg.ha−1.yr−1 and 1.0–3.0 kg.ha−1.yr−1, respectively). We observed that the 1950s is the very moment of inflection from an agriculture fertilized predominantly through reused N in biomass (livestock excretions plus marine, plant and human waste sources) to one where chemical fertilizers prevailed. It is suggested that N deficiency played an important role in this transition |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-09-05T13:12:25Z 2017-08 2017-08-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14004 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14004 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 7 (1): 8111 10.1038/s41598-017-08118-3 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Nature Publishing Group |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Nature Publishing Group |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799131085634797568 |