The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Barosa, Mariana
Data de Publicação: 2023
Outros Autores: Jamrozik, Euzebiusz, Prasad, Vinay
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/162162
Resumo: Funding Information: V.P. receives research funding from Arnold Ventures through a grant made to UCSF, and royalties for books and writing from Johns Hopkins Press, MedPage, and the Free Press. He declares consultancy roles with UnitedHealthcare and OptumRX; He hosts the podcasts, Plenary Session, VPZD, Sensible Medicine, writes the newsletters, Sensible Medicine, the Drug Development Letter and VP's Observations and Thoughts, and runs the YouTube channel Vinay Prasad MD MPH, which collectively earn revenue on the platforms: Patreon, YouTube and Substack. Funding Information: This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [203132] and [221719]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The Trust and Confidence research programme at the Pandemic Sciences Institute at the University of Oxford is supported by an award from the Moh Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).
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spelling The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health EmergenciesInsights From the COVID-19 PandemicMedical research ethicsNon-pharmaceutical interventionsPandemicPublic health emergencyPublic health research ethicsHealth(social science)EducationPhilosophyHealth PolicySDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingFunding Information: V.P. receives research funding from Arnold Ventures through a grant made to UCSF, and royalties for books and writing from Johns Hopkins Press, MedPage, and the Free Press. He declares consultancy roles with UnitedHealthcare and OptumRX; He hosts the podcasts, Plenary Session, VPZD, Sensible Medicine, writes the newsletters, Sensible Medicine, the Drug Development Letter and VP's Observations and Thoughts, and runs the YouTube channel Vinay Prasad MD MPH, which collectively earn revenue on the platforms: Patreon, YouTube and Substack. Funding Information: This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [203132] and [221719]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The Trust and Confidence research programme at the Pandemic Sciences Institute at the University of Oxford is supported by an award from the Moh Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).In times of crises, public health leaders may claim that trials of public health interventions are unethical. One reason for this claim can be that equipoise—i.e. a situation of uncertainty and/or disagreement among experts about the evidence regarding an intervention—has been disturbed by a change of collective expert views. Some might claim that equipoise is disturbed if the majority of experts believe that emergency public health interventions are likely to be more beneficial than harmful. However, such beliefs are not always justified: where high quality research has not been conducted, there is often considerable residual uncertainty about whether interventions offer net benefits. In this essay we argue that high-quality research, namely by means of well-designed randomized trials, is ethically obligatory before, during, and after implementing policies in public health emergencies (PHEs). We contend that this standard applies to both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, and we elaborate an account of equipoise that captures key features of debates in the recent pandemic. We build our case by analyzing research strategies employed during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding drugs, vaccines, and non-pharmaceutical interventions; and by providing responses to possible objections. Finally, we propose a public health policy reform: whenever a policy implemented during a PHE is not grounded in high-quality evidence that expected benefits outweigh harms, there should be a planned approach to generate high-quality evidence, with review of emerging data at preset time points. These preset timepoints guarantee that policymakers pause to review emerging evidence and consider ceasing ineffective or even harmful policies, thereby improving transparency and accountability, as well as permitting the redirection of resources to more effective or beneficial interventions.NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)RUNBarosa, MarianaJamrozik, EuzebiuszPrasad, Vinay2024-01-11T23:25:41Z2023-12-282023-12-28T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/162162eng1386-7423PURE: 81032265https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-023-10184-6info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-11T05:44:58Zoai:run.unl.pt:10362/162162Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:58:46.922139Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
Insights From the COVID-19 Pandemic
title The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
spellingShingle The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
Barosa, Mariana
Medical research ethics
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Pandemic
Public health emergency
Public health research ethics
Health(social science)
Education
Philosophy
Health Policy
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
title_short The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
title_full The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
title_fullStr The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
title_full_unstemmed The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
title_sort The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies
author Barosa, Mariana
author_facet Barosa, Mariana
Jamrozik, Euzebiusz
Prasad, Vinay
author_role author
author2 Jamrozik, Euzebiusz
Prasad, Vinay
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
RUN
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Barosa, Mariana
Jamrozik, Euzebiusz
Prasad, Vinay
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Medical research ethics
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Pandemic
Public health emergency
Public health research ethics
Health(social science)
Education
Philosophy
Health Policy
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
topic Medical research ethics
Non-pharmaceutical interventions
Pandemic
Public health emergency
Public health research ethics
Health(social science)
Education
Philosophy
Health Policy
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
description Funding Information: V.P. receives research funding from Arnold Ventures through a grant made to UCSF, and royalties for books and writing from Johns Hopkins Press, MedPage, and the Free Press. He declares consultancy roles with UnitedHealthcare and OptumRX; He hosts the podcasts, Plenary Session, VPZD, Sensible Medicine, writes the newsletters, Sensible Medicine, the Drug Development Letter and VP's Observations and Thoughts, and runs the YouTube channel Vinay Prasad MD MPH, which collectively earn revenue on the platforms: Patreon, YouTube and Substack. Funding Information: This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [203132] and [221719]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. The Trust and Confidence research programme at the Pandemic Sciences Institute at the University of Oxford is supported by an award from the Moh Foundation. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-28
2023-12-28T00:00:00Z
2024-01-11T23:25:41Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10362/162162
url http://hdl.handle.net/10362/162162
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 1386-7423
PURE: 81032265
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-023-10184-6
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instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
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reponame_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
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