Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Duarte, Bernardo
Data de Publicação: 2021
Outros Autores: Feijão, Eduardo, Carvalho, Ricardo Cruz de, Franzitta, Marco, Marques, João Carlos, Caçador, Maria Isabel Violante, Cabrita, Maria Teresa, Fonseca, Vanessa F.
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95865
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108238
Resumo: Chlorophyll a induction curves, or Kautsky curves, have been extensively used to study physiological stress conditions in phototrophic organisms, with the analysis of several derived parameters. Nevertheless, these variables use only about 10 % of the information comprised in the complete Kautsky curve dataset, leaving 90 % of the photochemical data within an underutilized dark box, that is not translated into photochemically relevant variables. By observing the variable fluorescence profiles from marine diatoms exposed to a myriad of emerging and classical contaminants, several fluorescence profile alterations were detected, with significant deviations from the control conditions concomitant with the degree of growth inhibition imposed by the chemical stressor. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) analysis based on the normalized variable chlorophyll a fluorescence profiles revealed a high discriminatory efficiency of the type of contaminant to which the cultures were exposed, indicating that the exposure to different chemical stressors (contaminants) results in specific fluorescence profiles that can be used as descriptors of these exposure conditions. Analysing the individual contaminant LDA analysis, a very low overlap between samples exposed to different concentrations was observed, indicating a high discriminatory power of the variable fluorescence profiles. When evaluating the blind-test classification efficiencies, provided by this contaminant-specific LDA approach, it was possible to observe a high degree of efficiency in almost all contaminants tested, and for most of the concentrations applied. With this in mind, the produced linear discriminants and proportion of traces was used to compute an optical toxicity classification tool - the OPTOX index. The index revealed a high degree of correlation with the growth inhibition observed and/or with the exogenous dose of contaminant applied. The developed OPTOX index, a unifying tool enclosing all the fluorescence data provided by the chlorophyll a induction curve, proved to be an efficient tool to apply in ecotoxicological assays using marine model diatoms with a high degree of reliability for classifying the exposure of the cells to emerging contaminants. Additionally, the data analysis pipeline, as well as the index development methodology here proposed, can be easily transposed to other autotrophic organisms subjected to different ecotoxicological test conditions calibrated and validated against known biochemical or morphological descriptors of stress, integrating this way a large amount of data that was until know completely overlooked and left within an underutilized and undervalued dark box. © 2021 The Author(s)
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spelling Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminantsBio-optical indexEcotoxicologyChlorophyll a induction curvesMarine diatomsChlorophyll a induction curves, or Kautsky curves, have been extensively used to study physiological stress conditions in phototrophic organisms, with the analysis of several derived parameters. Nevertheless, these variables use only about 10 % of the information comprised in the complete Kautsky curve dataset, leaving 90 % of the photochemical data within an underutilized dark box, that is not translated into photochemically relevant variables. By observing the variable fluorescence profiles from marine diatoms exposed to a myriad of emerging and classical contaminants, several fluorescence profile alterations were detected, with significant deviations from the control conditions concomitant with the degree of growth inhibition imposed by the chemical stressor. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) analysis based on the normalized variable chlorophyll a fluorescence profiles revealed a high discriminatory efficiency of the type of contaminant to which the cultures were exposed, indicating that the exposure to different chemical stressors (contaminants) results in specific fluorescence profiles that can be used as descriptors of these exposure conditions. Analysing the individual contaminant LDA analysis, a very low overlap between samples exposed to different concentrations was observed, indicating a high discriminatory power of the variable fluorescence profiles. When evaluating the blind-test classification efficiencies, provided by this contaminant-specific LDA approach, it was possible to observe a high degree of efficiency in almost all contaminants tested, and for most of the concentrations applied. With this in mind, the produced linear discriminants and proportion of traces was used to compute an optical toxicity classification tool - the OPTOX index. The index revealed a high degree of correlation with the growth inhibition observed and/or with the exogenous dose of contaminant applied. The developed OPTOX index, a unifying tool enclosing all the fluorescence data provided by the chlorophyll a induction curve, proved to be an efficient tool to apply in ecotoxicological assays using marine model diatoms with a high degree of reliability for classifying the exposure of the cells to emerging contaminants. Additionally, the data analysis pipeline, as well as the index development methodology here proposed, can be easily transposed to other autotrophic organisms subjected to different ecotoxicological test conditions calibrated and validated against known biochemical or morphological descriptors of stress, integrating this way a large amount of data that was until know completely overlooked and left within an underutilized and undervalued dark box. © 2021 The Author(s)Elsevier2021info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/95865http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95865https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108238eng1470160Xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21009031Duarte, BernardoFeijão, EduardoCarvalho, Ricardo Cruz deFranzitta, MarcoMarques, João CarlosCaçador, Maria Isabel ViolanteCabrita, Maria TeresaFonseca, Vanessa F.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-05-25T03:06:08Zoai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/95865Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:14:16.521128Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
title Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
spellingShingle Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
Duarte, Bernardo
Bio-optical index
Ecotoxicology
Chlorophyll a induction curves
Marine diatoms
title_short Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
title_full Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
title_fullStr Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
title_full_unstemmed Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
title_sort Unlocking Kautsky’s dark box: Development of an optical toxicity classification tool (OPTOX index) with marine diatoms exposed to emerging contaminants
author Duarte, Bernardo
author_facet Duarte, Bernardo
Feijão, Eduardo
Carvalho, Ricardo Cruz de
Franzitta, Marco
Marques, João Carlos
Caçador, Maria Isabel Violante
Cabrita, Maria Teresa
Fonseca, Vanessa F.
author_role author
author2 Feijão, Eduardo
Carvalho, Ricardo Cruz de
Franzitta, Marco
Marques, João Carlos
Caçador, Maria Isabel Violante
Cabrita, Maria Teresa
Fonseca, Vanessa F.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Duarte, Bernardo
Feijão, Eduardo
Carvalho, Ricardo Cruz de
Franzitta, Marco
Marques, João Carlos
Caçador, Maria Isabel Violante
Cabrita, Maria Teresa
Fonseca, Vanessa F.
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Bio-optical index
Ecotoxicology
Chlorophyll a induction curves
Marine diatoms
topic Bio-optical index
Ecotoxicology
Chlorophyll a induction curves
Marine diatoms
description Chlorophyll a induction curves, or Kautsky curves, have been extensively used to study physiological stress conditions in phototrophic organisms, with the analysis of several derived parameters. Nevertheless, these variables use only about 10 % of the information comprised in the complete Kautsky curve dataset, leaving 90 % of the photochemical data within an underutilized dark box, that is not translated into photochemically relevant variables. By observing the variable fluorescence profiles from marine diatoms exposed to a myriad of emerging and classical contaminants, several fluorescence profile alterations were detected, with significant deviations from the control conditions concomitant with the degree of growth inhibition imposed by the chemical stressor. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) analysis based on the normalized variable chlorophyll a fluorescence profiles revealed a high discriminatory efficiency of the type of contaminant to which the cultures were exposed, indicating that the exposure to different chemical stressors (contaminants) results in specific fluorescence profiles that can be used as descriptors of these exposure conditions. Analysing the individual contaminant LDA analysis, a very low overlap between samples exposed to different concentrations was observed, indicating a high discriminatory power of the variable fluorescence profiles. When evaluating the blind-test classification efficiencies, provided by this contaminant-specific LDA approach, it was possible to observe a high degree of efficiency in almost all contaminants tested, and for most of the concentrations applied. With this in mind, the produced linear discriminants and proportion of traces was used to compute an optical toxicity classification tool - the OPTOX index. The index revealed a high degree of correlation with the growth inhibition observed and/or with the exogenous dose of contaminant applied. The developed OPTOX index, a unifying tool enclosing all the fluorescence data provided by the chlorophyll a induction curve, proved to be an efficient tool to apply in ecotoxicological assays using marine model diatoms with a high degree of reliability for classifying the exposure of the cells to emerging contaminants. Additionally, the data analysis pipeline, as well as the index development methodology here proposed, can be easily transposed to other autotrophic organisms subjected to different ecotoxicological test conditions calibrated and validated against known biochemical or morphological descriptors of stress, integrating this way a large amount of data that was until know completely overlooked and left within an underutilized and undervalued dark box. © 2021 The Author(s)
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95865
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95865
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108238
url http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95865
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108238
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 1470160X
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21009031
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
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