Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU?
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2009 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8468 |
Resumo: | The risk perceived by investors is crucial in the decision to invest, in particular when it concerns a foreign country. The investment risk associated is a multi-faceted element given that it reflects many aspects that are relevant to (foreign) investors, such as the level of transparency, corruption, rule of law, governance, etc. In this paper we consider the level of economic freedom, as provided by the “Heritage Foundation”, for the most recent years, in order to analyse how is this measure of risk related to the inward foreign direct investment performance index, as provided by the UNCTAD. Given the subjectivity of risk an appropriate methodology consists on using fuzzy logic clustering, which is applied in the paper in order to verify how different the MENA region is from the set of EU-member states. The results show that economic freedom and inward FDI are positively associated, in particular in the cluster of countries that present a higher economic freedom. Of particular interest is the result that some MENA countries belong to the same cluster of most of the EU-countries. |
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Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU?Economic FreedomEuropean Union (EU) countriesForeign Direct InvestmentFuzzy ClusteringInstitutionsMiddle East North Africa (MENA) countriesThe risk perceived by investors is crucial in the decision to invest, in particular when it concerns a foreign country. The investment risk associated is a multi-faceted element given that it reflects many aspects that are relevant to (foreign) investors, such as the level of transparency, corruption, rule of law, governance, etc. In this paper we consider the level of economic freedom, as provided by the “Heritage Foundation”, for the most recent years, in order to analyse how is this measure of risk related to the inward foreign direct investment performance index, as provided by the UNCTAD. Given the subjectivity of risk an appropriate methodology consists on using fuzzy logic clustering, which is applied in the paper in order to verify how different the MENA region is from the set of EU-member states. The results show that economic freedom and inward FDI are positively associated, in particular in the cluster of countries that present a higher economic freedom. Of particular interest is the result that some MENA countries belong to the same cluster of most of the EU-countries.2013-04-03T11:30:32Z2013-04-032009-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/8468http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8468engCaetano, J. e A. Caleiro (2009), Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU?,Documento de Trabalho nº 2009/02, Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Economia.22jcaetano@uevora.ptcaleiro@uevora.ptC49, E22, F2102_2009Department of Economics, University of ÉvoraDepartment of Economics, University of ÉvoraCaetano, José MartinsCaleiro, António Bentoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-03T18:49:30Zoai:dspace.uevora.pt:10174/8468Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T01:02:42.733525Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? |
title |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? |
spellingShingle |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? Caetano, José Martins Economic Freedom European Union (EU) countries Foreign Direct Investment Fuzzy Clustering Institutions Middle East North Africa (MENA) countries |
title_short |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? |
title_full |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? |
title_fullStr |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? |
title_sort |
Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU? |
author |
Caetano, José Martins |
author_facet |
Caetano, José Martins Caleiro, António Bento |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Caleiro, António Bento |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Caetano, José Martins Caleiro, António Bento |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Economic Freedom European Union (EU) countries Foreign Direct Investment Fuzzy Clustering Institutions Middle East North Africa (MENA) countries |
topic |
Economic Freedom European Union (EU) countries Foreign Direct Investment Fuzzy Clustering Institutions Middle East North Africa (MENA) countries |
description |
The risk perceived by investors is crucial in the decision to invest, in particular when it concerns a foreign country. The investment risk associated is a multi-faceted element given that it reflects many aspects that are relevant to (foreign) investors, such as the level of transparency, corruption, rule of law, governance, etc. In this paper we consider the level of economic freedom, as provided by the “Heritage Foundation”, for the most recent years, in order to analyse how is this measure of risk related to the inward foreign direct investment performance index, as provided by the UNCTAD. Given the subjectivity of risk an appropriate methodology consists on using fuzzy logic clustering, which is applied in the paper in order to verify how different the MENA region is from the set of EU-member states. The results show that economic freedom and inward FDI are positively associated, in particular in the cluster of countries that present a higher economic freedom. Of particular interest is the result that some MENA countries belong to the same cluster of most of the EU-countries. |
publishDate |
2009 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2009-01-01T00:00:00Z 2013-04-03T11:30:32Z 2013-04-03 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8468 http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8468 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8468 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Caetano, J. e A. Caleiro (2009), Economic Freedom and Foreign Direct Investment: How different are the MENA countries from the EU?,Documento de Trabalho nº 2009/02, Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Economia. 22 jcaetano@uevora.pt caleiro@uevora.pt C49, E22, F21 02_2009 Department of Economics, University of Évora Department of Economics, University of Évora |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799136511295225856 |