New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120527 |
Resumo: | Microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly occurring hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. The inhibition of PP2A is widely assumed as the principal mechanism of toxicity of MCs, however recently it has been found that MC modulates PP2A activity not only by direct inhibition of its activity, but also by regulating its expression. Nevertheless the mechanisms of toxicity of MCs seem to be more complex to interpret than expected. The induction of some cellularmolecular mechanisms appears to be biphasic in time and concentration of MC and in most cases related with the intracellular ROS generation. These intracellular ROS levels cause oxidative stress which leads to changes in several markers of MC-LR-induced oxidative stress ultimately resulting in apoptosis or cell damage and also genotoxicity. MCs can also induce severe changes in the cytoskeleton elements: microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules, which results in changes in the cytoskeleton architecture and cell viability. There are also indications that there are second messengers involved in MC-LR mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Different congeners of these toxins induce different degrees of responses in the cell, assumed to be related with the capacity of toxin internalization, affinity towards PP1 and PP2A, and the ability to cause oxidative stress. MCs have also been implicated in neurotoxicity and in damages in reproductive organs. The regulation of transcription factors and proto-oncogenes by MC is the mode of action of MCs tumor promotion. This review summarizes mainly the findings from the last five years about the molecular mechanisms behind MC toxicity in animal cells. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers. |
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New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Reviewmicrocystinreactive oxygen metaboliteanimalapoptosischemistrycyanobacteriumdrug effectshumanlivermetabolismoxidative stresspathologyAnimalsApoptosisCyanobacteriaHumansLiverMicrocystinsOxidative StressReactive Oxygen SpeciesMicrocystins (MCs) are the most commonly occurring hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. The inhibition of PP2A is widely assumed as the principal mechanism of toxicity of MCs, however recently it has been found that MC modulates PP2A activity not only by direct inhibition of its activity, but also by regulating its expression. Nevertheless the mechanisms of toxicity of MCs seem to be more complex to interpret than expected. The induction of some cellularmolecular mechanisms appears to be biphasic in time and concentration of MC and in most cases related with the intracellular ROS generation. These intracellular ROS levels cause oxidative stress which leads to changes in several markers of MC-LR-induced oxidative stress ultimately resulting in apoptosis or cell damage and also genotoxicity. MCs can also induce severe changes in the cytoskeleton elements: microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules, which results in changes in the cytoskeleton architecture and cell viability. There are also indications that there are second messengers involved in MC-LR mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Different congeners of these toxins induce different degrees of responses in the cell, assumed to be related with the capacity of toxin internalization, affinity towards PP1 and PP2A, and the ability to cause oxidative stress. MCs have also been implicated in neurotoxicity and in damages in reproductive organs. The regulation of transcription factors and proto-oncogenes by MC is the mode of action of MCs tumor promotion. This review summarizes mainly the findings from the last five years about the molecular mechanisms behind MC toxicity in animal cells. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers.Bentham Science Publishers20162016-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10216/120527eng1389557510.2174/1389557516666160219130553Valério E.Vasconcelos V.Campos A.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-29T14:48:56Zoai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/120527Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T00:09:07.674216Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review |
title |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review |
spellingShingle |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review Valério E. microcystin reactive oxygen metabolite animal apoptosis chemistry cyanobacterium drug effects human liver metabolism oxidative stress pathology Animals Apoptosis Cyanobacteria Humans Liver Microcystins Oxidative Stress Reactive Oxygen Species |
title_short |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review |
title_full |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review |
title_fullStr |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review |
title_sort |
New insights on the mode of action of microcystins in animal cells - A Review |
author |
Valério E. |
author_facet |
Valério E. Vasconcelos V. Campos A. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Vasconcelos V. Campos A. |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Valério E. Vasconcelos V. Campos A. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
microcystin reactive oxygen metabolite animal apoptosis chemistry cyanobacterium drug effects human liver metabolism oxidative stress pathology Animals Apoptosis Cyanobacteria Humans Liver Microcystins Oxidative Stress Reactive Oxygen Species |
topic |
microcystin reactive oxygen metabolite animal apoptosis chemistry cyanobacterium drug effects human liver metabolism oxidative stress pathology Animals Apoptosis Cyanobacteria Humans Liver Microcystins Oxidative Stress Reactive Oxygen Species |
description |
Microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly occurring hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. The inhibition of PP2A is widely assumed as the principal mechanism of toxicity of MCs, however recently it has been found that MC modulates PP2A activity not only by direct inhibition of its activity, but also by regulating its expression. Nevertheless the mechanisms of toxicity of MCs seem to be more complex to interpret than expected. The induction of some cellularmolecular mechanisms appears to be biphasic in time and concentration of MC and in most cases related with the intracellular ROS generation. These intracellular ROS levels cause oxidative stress which leads to changes in several markers of MC-LR-induced oxidative stress ultimately resulting in apoptosis or cell damage and also genotoxicity. MCs can also induce severe changes in the cytoskeleton elements: microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules, which results in changes in the cytoskeleton architecture and cell viability. There are also indications that there are second messengers involved in MC-LR mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Different congeners of these toxins induce different degrees of responses in the cell, assumed to be related with the capacity of toxin internalization, affinity towards PP1 and PP2A, and the ability to cause oxidative stress. MCs have also been implicated in neurotoxicity and in damages in reproductive organs. The regulation of transcription factors and proto-oncogenes by MC is the mode of action of MCs tumor promotion. This review summarizes mainly the findings from the last five years about the molecular mechanisms behind MC toxicity in animal cells. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120527 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120527 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
13895575 10.2174/1389557516666160219130553 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Bentham Science Publishers |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Bentham Science Publishers |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799136016296050688 |