Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/4400 |
Resumo: | In sports, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected variables such as training, recovery or athletes’ sleep quality, uncertainty about the future generating distress and anxiety in athletes. There are two cog nitive purpose of the current study: knowledge about the subjectively experienced stress in martial arts athletes from selected Europe Union countries during the 4th wave of the pandemic; and knowledge of the likely of using coping strategies, and if so, with what frequency. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty-one competitive martial arts athletes from Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain were investigated (female n = 129, male n = 212). The athletes represented (according to division of the combat sports under forms of the direct confrontation): workings of weap ons (fencing); hits (boxing, karate, kickboxing, Muay Thai, taekwondo); throws and grips of immobilisation of opponent’s body (Brazilian jiu-jitsu, freestyle wrestling, judo) were investigated. In this paper we anal yse workings of weapons and hits as conventional “striking combat sports” SCS (in consequence FSCS or MSCS – for female and male respectively), while throws and grips of immobilization of opponent’s body as “grappling combat sports” GCS (FGCS and MGCS respectively). The Perception of Stress Questionnaire was used to measure intrapsychic stress, external stress and emotional tension in athletes, while through the Brief COPE questionnaire the frequency of use of 14 coping strategies was examined. Results: The highest intrapsychic stress levels, during the 4th wave of the pandemic, were registered by Slovak athletes, external stress was the highest among Italian martial arts athletes, while the highest emotion al tension levels were reported by Latvian athletes. The lowest values were observed in Lithuanian mar tial arts athletes, in all three stress dimensions. Also, martial arts athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly higher levels of stress and used (during the 4th wave) more frequent de nial, behavioural disengagement and less frequent positive reframing (as coping strategies). Gender and type of sport-dependent strategies to deal with stress were discussed: FSCS group used less frequently emotion-focused coping strategies than male athletes from both MSCS and MGCS (apparently a surpris ing result), and with a higher frequency dysfunctional coping strategies. No important differences were found between the four investigated groups of athletes MGCS, MSCS, FGCS and FSCS) with respect to the problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusions: Martial arts (combat sports) athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly high er levels of intrapsychic stress, emotional tension and external stress, compared to athletes which re ported that they have not suffered from COVID-19. Denial and behavioural disengagement (as dysfunc tional coping strategies) were more frequent among athletes which reported that they were sick with COVID-19, while positive reframing was significantly less used. The research can be of interest for mar tial arts athletes, coaches, parents and sports psychologists seeking to promote the most effective strat egies to deal with negative stress, if the pandemic will have long-term consequences for athletes’ men tal health and well-being. |
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Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategiescombat sportsdistressdivision of the combat sportsmental healthwell-beingIn sports, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected variables such as training, recovery or athletes’ sleep quality, uncertainty about the future generating distress and anxiety in athletes. There are two cog nitive purpose of the current study: knowledge about the subjectively experienced stress in martial arts athletes from selected Europe Union countries during the 4th wave of the pandemic; and knowledge of the likely of using coping strategies, and if so, with what frequency. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty-one competitive martial arts athletes from Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain were investigated (female n = 129, male n = 212). The athletes represented (according to division of the combat sports under forms of the direct confrontation): workings of weap ons (fencing); hits (boxing, karate, kickboxing, Muay Thai, taekwondo); throws and grips of immobilisation of opponent’s body (Brazilian jiu-jitsu, freestyle wrestling, judo) were investigated. In this paper we anal yse workings of weapons and hits as conventional “striking combat sports” SCS (in consequence FSCS or MSCS – for female and male respectively), while throws and grips of immobilization of opponent’s body as “grappling combat sports” GCS (FGCS and MGCS respectively). The Perception of Stress Questionnaire was used to measure intrapsychic stress, external stress and emotional tension in athletes, while through the Brief COPE questionnaire the frequency of use of 14 coping strategies was examined. Results: The highest intrapsychic stress levels, during the 4th wave of the pandemic, were registered by Slovak athletes, external stress was the highest among Italian martial arts athletes, while the highest emotion al tension levels were reported by Latvian athletes. The lowest values were observed in Lithuanian mar tial arts athletes, in all three stress dimensions. Also, martial arts athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly higher levels of stress and used (during the 4th wave) more frequent de nial, behavioural disengagement and less frequent positive reframing (as coping strategies). Gender and type of sport-dependent strategies to deal with stress were discussed: FSCS group used less frequently emotion-focused coping strategies than male athletes from both MSCS and MGCS (apparently a surpris ing result), and with a higher frequency dysfunctional coping strategies. No important differences were found between the four investigated groups of athletes MGCS, MSCS, FGCS and FSCS) with respect to the problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusions: Martial arts (combat sports) athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly high er levels of intrapsychic stress, emotional tension and external stress, compared to athletes which re ported that they have not suffered from COVID-19. Denial and behavioural disengagement (as dysfunc tional coping strategies) were more frequent among athletes which reported that they were sick with COVID-19, while positive reframing was significantly less used. The research can be of interest for mar tial arts athletes, coaches, parents and sports psychologists seeking to promote the most effective strat egies to deal with negative stress, if the pandemic will have long-term consequences for athletes’ men tal health and well-being.Archives of Budo Bartlomiej BarczynskiRepositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de SantarémPredoiu, RaduMAKAROWSKI, RYSZARDPIOTROWSKI, ANDRZEJGÖRNER, KarolPREDOIU, AlexandraMALINAUSKAS, ROMUALDASBERTOLLO, MAURIZIODI FRONSO, SELENIAVAZNE, ZERMENABoe, OleOliveira, RafaelMIKLÓSI, MÁRTAKOVÁCS, KLÁRACIOLCĂ, CORINABadea, DanVICENTE-SALAR, NÉSTORCIUNTEA, MIHAIRawat, Samir2023-04-13T13:45:13Z20222022-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/4400engPREDOIU, R., MAKAROWSKI, R., PIOTROWSKI, A., GÖRNER, K., PREDOIU, A., & MALINAUSKAS, R. et al. (2022). Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies. ARCH BUDO, 18, 211-2261643-8698info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-21T07:37:12Zoai:repositorio.ipsantarem.pt:10400.15/4400Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T01:55:51.643685Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies |
title |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies |
spellingShingle |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies Predoiu, Radu combat sports distress division of the combat sports mental health well-being |
title_short |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies |
title_full |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies |
title_fullStr |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies |
title_sort |
Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies |
author |
Predoiu, Radu |
author_facet |
Predoiu, Radu MAKAROWSKI, RYSZARD PIOTROWSKI, ANDRZEJ GÖRNER, Karol PREDOIU, Alexandra MALINAUSKAS, ROMUALDAS BERTOLLO, MAURIZIO DI FRONSO, SELENIA VAZNE, ZERMENA Boe, Ole Oliveira, Rafael MIKLÓSI, MÁRTA KOVÁCS, KLÁRA CIOLCĂ, CORINA Badea, Dan VICENTE-SALAR, NÉSTOR CIUNTEA, MIHAI Rawat, Samir |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
MAKAROWSKI, RYSZARD PIOTROWSKI, ANDRZEJ GÖRNER, Karol PREDOIU, Alexandra MALINAUSKAS, ROMUALDAS BERTOLLO, MAURIZIO DI FRONSO, SELENIA VAZNE, ZERMENA Boe, Ole Oliveira, Rafael MIKLÓSI, MÁRTA KOVÁCS, KLÁRA CIOLCĂ, CORINA Badea, Dan VICENTE-SALAR, NÉSTOR CIUNTEA, MIHAI Rawat, Samir |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Predoiu, Radu MAKAROWSKI, RYSZARD PIOTROWSKI, ANDRZEJ GÖRNER, Karol PREDOIU, Alexandra MALINAUSKAS, ROMUALDAS BERTOLLO, MAURIZIO DI FRONSO, SELENIA VAZNE, ZERMENA Boe, Ole Oliveira, Rafael MIKLÓSI, MÁRTA KOVÁCS, KLÁRA CIOLCĂ, CORINA Badea, Dan VICENTE-SALAR, NÉSTOR CIUNTEA, MIHAI Rawat, Samir |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
combat sports distress division of the combat sports mental health well-being |
topic |
combat sports distress division of the combat sports mental health well-being |
description |
In sports, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected variables such as training, recovery or athletes’ sleep quality, uncertainty about the future generating distress and anxiety in athletes. There are two cog nitive purpose of the current study: knowledge about the subjectively experienced stress in martial arts athletes from selected Europe Union countries during the 4th wave of the pandemic; and knowledge of the likely of using coping strategies, and if so, with what frequency. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty-one competitive martial arts athletes from Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain were investigated (female n = 129, male n = 212). The athletes represented (according to division of the combat sports under forms of the direct confrontation): workings of weap ons (fencing); hits (boxing, karate, kickboxing, Muay Thai, taekwondo); throws and grips of immobilisation of opponent’s body (Brazilian jiu-jitsu, freestyle wrestling, judo) were investigated. In this paper we anal yse workings of weapons and hits as conventional “striking combat sports” SCS (in consequence FSCS or MSCS – for female and male respectively), while throws and grips of immobilization of opponent’s body as “grappling combat sports” GCS (FGCS and MGCS respectively). The Perception of Stress Questionnaire was used to measure intrapsychic stress, external stress and emotional tension in athletes, while through the Brief COPE questionnaire the frequency of use of 14 coping strategies was examined. Results: The highest intrapsychic stress levels, during the 4th wave of the pandemic, were registered by Slovak athletes, external stress was the highest among Italian martial arts athletes, while the highest emotion al tension levels were reported by Latvian athletes. The lowest values were observed in Lithuanian mar tial arts athletes, in all three stress dimensions. Also, martial arts athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly higher levels of stress and used (during the 4th wave) more frequent de nial, behavioural disengagement and less frequent positive reframing (as coping strategies). Gender and type of sport-dependent strategies to deal with stress were discussed: FSCS group used less frequently emotion-focused coping strategies than male athletes from both MSCS and MGCS (apparently a surpris ing result), and with a higher frequency dysfunctional coping strategies. No important differences were found between the four investigated groups of athletes MGCS, MSCS, FGCS and FSCS) with respect to the problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusions: Martial arts (combat sports) athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly high er levels of intrapsychic stress, emotional tension and external stress, compared to athletes which re ported that they have not suffered from COVID-19. Denial and behavioural disengagement (as dysfunc tional coping strategies) were more frequent among athletes which reported that they were sick with COVID-19, while positive reframing was significantly less used. The research can be of interest for mar tial arts athletes, coaches, parents and sports psychologists seeking to promote the most effective strat egies to deal with negative stress, if the pandemic will have long-term consequences for athletes’ men tal health and well-being. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z 2023-04-13T13:45:13Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/4400 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/4400 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
PREDOIU, R., MAKAROWSKI, R., PIOTROWSKI, A., GÖRNER, K., PREDOIU, A., & MALINAUSKAS, R. et al. (2022). Experienced stress among martial arts athletes from selected European Union countries during the 4th wave of the covid-19 pandemic and the frequency of using coping strategies. ARCH BUDO, 18, 211-226 1643-8698 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Archives of Budo Bartlomiej Barczynski |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Archives of Budo Bartlomiej Barczynski |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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