Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10362/163519 |
Resumo: | Biofouling refers to the colonization of immersed surfaces by living organisms, with nefarious consequences for sea-based industry and the environment, through increased fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and facilitated spread of invasive species. Current antifouling coatings comprise the use of heavy metal oxides like zinc and copper, both known to be toxic for the environment. With a growing pressure for green alternatives, a new idea based on green chemistry is proposed, the use of natural deep eutectic systems (NADES). Several formulations based on bioactive terpenes and fatty acids were produced and two were selected for further trials, menthol:oleic acid (1:1) – M:OL (1:1) - and thymol:oleic acid (1:1) – T:OL (1:1). These were successfully characterized under polarized optical microscopy analysis. They were shown not to affect the tissues of Palaemon varians, and in inert paint, pure compounds and NADES were not toxic for brine shrimp at their highest concentrations. NADES did not affect biofouling related enzymes in more than 50%. Pure terpenes had the highest antimicrobial activity, but NADES were selective in inhibiting biofilm without harming bacteria. Thymol and T:OL (1:1) faired best in inhibiting the QS mechanism and impeding the growth of selected microalgae. All samples showed some toxicity against medusa polyps, but T:OL (1:1) and pure menthol showed capability of inhibiting settlement without death. Ocean trials showed NADES coated plates were less colonized than all other plates despite no weight differences, where T:OL (1:1) presented the lesser number of adhered organisms. Despite the variability in sample bioactivity comparing all assays, NADES, and T:OL (1:1) in specific, presented the best overall antifouling activity with less toxicity, cementing the use of a conjoined multispecies lab and field assay strategy while further indicating the possibility of using NADES as sustainable anti-biofouling agents without compromising the surrounding marine environment. |
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Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agentsAntifoulingMaritime pollutionEcotoxicitySustainable antifouling coatingsBioactive compoundsDomínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia QuímicaBiofouling refers to the colonization of immersed surfaces by living organisms, with nefarious consequences for sea-based industry and the environment, through increased fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and facilitated spread of invasive species. Current antifouling coatings comprise the use of heavy metal oxides like zinc and copper, both known to be toxic for the environment. With a growing pressure for green alternatives, a new idea based on green chemistry is proposed, the use of natural deep eutectic systems (NADES). Several formulations based on bioactive terpenes and fatty acids were produced and two were selected for further trials, menthol:oleic acid (1:1) – M:OL (1:1) - and thymol:oleic acid (1:1) – T:OL (1:1). These were successfully characterized under polarized optical microscopy analysis. They were shown not to affect the tissues of Palaemon varians, and in inert paint, pure compounds and NADES were not toxic for brine shrimp at their highest concentrations. NADES did not affect biofouling related enzymes in more than 50%. Pure terpenes had the highest antimicrobial activity, but NADES were selective in inhibiting biofilm without harming bacteria. Thymol and T:OL (1:1) faired best in inhibiting the QS mechanism and impeding the growth of selected microalgae. All samples showed some toxicity against medusa polyps, but T:OL (1:1) and pure menthol showed capability of inhibiting settlement without death. Ocean trials showed NADES coated plates were less colonized than all other plates despite no weight differences, where T:OL (1:1) presented the lesser number of adhered organisms. Despite the variability in sample bioactivity comparing all assays, NADES, and T:OL (1:1) in specific, presented the best overall antifouling activity with less toxicity, cementing the use of a conjoined multispecies lab and field assay strategy while further indicating the possibility of using NADES as sustainable anti-biofouling agents without compromising the surrounding marine environment.A bioincrustação refere a colonização de superfícies imersas por organismos vivos, com consequências nefastas para a indústria marítima e o ambiente, pelo aumento do consumo de combustível, emissões de gases com efeito de estufa e propagação de espécies invasoras. Os revestimentos atuais compreendem o uso de óxidos de metais pesados tóxicos para o meio ambiente. Com uma pressão crescente por alternativas verdes, uma nova ideia baseada na química verde é proposta, o uso de sistemas eutécticos naturais (NADES). Várias formulações à base de terpenos e ácidos gordos bioativos foram desenvolvidas e duas selecionadas para ensaios adicionais, mentol:ácido oleico (1:1) – M:OL (1:1) – e timol:ácido oleico (1:1) – T:OL (1:1). Estes foram caracterizados através de microscopia ótica polarizada. Não afetaram os tecidos de Palaemon varians e em tinta inerte, os compostos puros e NADES não eram tóxicos para artémias nas suas concentrações mais elevadas. NADES não afetaram enzimas relacionadas com bioincrustação em mais de 50%. Os terpenos tiveram a maior atividade antimicrobiana, mas os NADES foram seletivos na inibição do biofilme sem prejudicar as bactérias. O timol e o T:OL (1:1) inibiram o mecanismo QS e o crescimento de microalgas. As amostras apresentaram alguma toxicidade contra pólipos de medusa, mas T:OL (1:1) e mentol mostraram capacidade de inibir a fixação sem morte. Ensaios oceânicos mostraram que as placas revestidas com NADES foram menos colonizadas do que as restantes placas, apesar de não haver diferenças de peso, onde T:OL (1:1) apresentou o menor número de organismos aderidos. Apesar da variabilidade na bioatividade das amostras comparando todos os ensaios, NADES e T:OL (1:1) em específico, apresentaram a melhor atividade antifouling global com menor toxicidade, cimentando o uso de uma estratégia conjunta de ensaios de laboratório e de campo multiespécies, indicando a possibilidade de usar NADES como agentes anti-bioincrustantes sustentáveis sem comprometer o ambiente marinho circundante.Paiva, AlexandrePinteus, SuseteRUNAmador, Sandro Ivan Santos2024-02-14T12:56:04Z2023-122023-12-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/163519enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-11T05:47:06Zoai:run.unl.pt:10362/163519Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:59:26.728630Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents |
title |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents |
spellingShingle |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents Amador, Sandro Ivan Santos Antifouling Maritime pollution Ecotoxicity Sustainable antifouling coatings Bioactive compounds Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química |
title_short |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents |
title_full |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents |
title_sort |
Evaluation of Deep Eutectic Systems as anti-biofouling agents |
author |
Amador, Sandro Ivan Santos |
author_facet |
Amador, Sandro Ivan Santos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Paiva, Alexandre Pinteus, Susete RUN |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Amador, Sandro Ivan Santos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Antifouling Maritime pollution Ecotoxicity Sustainable antifouling coatings Bioactive compounds Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química |
topic |
Antifouling Maritime pollution Ecotoxicity Sustainable antifouling coatings Bioactive compounds Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química |
description |
Biofouling refers to the colonization of immersed surfaces by living organisms, with nefarious consequences for sea-based industry and the environment, through increased fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and facilitated spread of invasive species. Current antifouling coatings comprise the use of heavy metal oxides like zinc and copper, both known to be toxic for the environment. With a growing pressure for green alternatives, a new idea based on green chemistry is proposed, the use of natural deep eutectic systems (NADES). Several formulations based on bioactive terpenes and fatty acids were produced and two were selected for further trials, menthol:oleic acid (1:1) – M:OL (1:1) - and thymol:oleic acid (1:1) – T:OL (1:1). These were successfully characterized under polarized optical microscopy analysis. They were shown not to affect the tissues of Palaemon varians, and in inert paint, pure compounds and NADES were not toxic for brine shrimp at their highest concentrations. NADES did not affect biofouling related enzymes in more than 50%. Pure terpenes had the highest antimicrobial activity, but NADES were selective in inhibiting biofilm without harming bacteria. Thymol and T:OL (1:1) faired best in inhibiting the QS mechanism and impeding the growth of selected microalgae. All samples showed some toxicity against medusa polyps, but T:OL (1:1) and pure menthol showed capability of inhibiting settlement without death. Ocean trials showed NADES coated plates were less colonized than all other plates despite no weight differences, where T:OL (1:1) presented the lesser number of adhered organisms. Despite the variability in sample bioactivity comparing all assays, NADES, and T:OL (1:1) in specific, presented the best overall antifouling activity with less toxicity, cementing the use of a conjoined multispecies lab and field assay strategy while further indicating the possibility of using NADES as sustainable anti-biofouling agents without compromising the surrounding marine environment. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-12 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z 2024-02-14T12:56:04Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10362/163519 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10362/163519 |
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eng |
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eng |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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