Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/1822/38874 |
Resumo: | In an underwater environment it is difficult to implement solutions for wireless communications. The existing technologies using electromagnetic waves or lasers are not very efficient due to the large attenuation in the aquatic environment. Ultrasound reveals a lower attenuation, and thus has been used in underwater long-distance communications. The much slower speed of acoustic propagation in water (about 1500 m/s) compared with that of electromagnetic and optical waves, is another limiting factor for efficient communication and networking. For high data-rates and real-time applications it is necessary to use frequencies in the MHz range, allowing communication distances of hundreds of meters with a delay of milliseconds. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop ultrasound transducers able to work at high frequencies and wideband, with suitable responses to digital modulations. This work shows how the acoustic impedance influences the performance of an ultrasonic emitter transducer when digital modulations are used and operating at frequencies between 100 kHz and 1 MHz. The study includes a Finite Element Method (FEM) and a MATLAB/Simulink simulation with an experimental validation to evaluate two types of piezoelectric materials: one based on ceramics (high acoustic impedance) with a resonance design and the other based in polymer (low acoustic impedance) designed to optimize the performance when digital modulations are used. The transducers performance for Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK), On-Off Keying (OOK), Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) modulations with a 1 MHz carrier at 125 kbps baud rate are compared. |
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Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulationsUnderwater Acoustic ChannelUnderwater Wireless CommunicationTransducer OptimizationPiezoelectric Ultrasound Emitter TransducersDigital ModulationsCiências Naturais::Ciências FísicasScience & TechnologyIn an underwater environment it is difficult to implement solutions for wireless communications. The existing technologies using electromagnetic waves or lasers are not very efficient due to the large attenuation in the aquatic environment. Ultrasound reveals a lower attenuation, and thus has been used in underwater long-distance communications. The much slower speed of acoustic propagation in water (about 1500 m/s) compared with that of electromagnetic and optical waves, is another limiting factor for efficient communication and networking. For high data-rates and real-time applications it is necessary to use frequencies in the MHz range, allowing communication distances of hundreds of meters with a delay of milliseconds. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop ultrasound transducers able to work at high frequencies and wideband, with suitable responses to digital modulations. This work shows how the acoustic impedance influences the performance of an ultrasonic emitter transducer when digital modulations are used and operating at frequencies between 100 kHz and 1 MHz. The study includes a Finite Element Method (FEM) and a MATLAB/Simulink simulation with an experimental validation to evaluate two types of piezoelectric materials: one based on ceramics (high acoustic impedance) with a resonance design and the other based in polymer (low acoustic impedance) designed to optimize the performance when digital modulations are used. The transducers performance for Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK), On-Off Keying (OOK), Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) modulations with a 1 MHz carrier at 125 kbps baud rate are compared.This work was supported by FEDER through the COMPETE Program and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Project PEST-C/FIS/UI607/2011 and project PTDC/CTM-NAN/112574/2009. M. S. Martins thanks the FCT for the grant SFRH/BD/60713/2009.ElsevierUniversidade do MinhoMartins, M. S.Cabral, J.Lanceros-Méndez, S.Rocha, G.20152015-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/1822/38874engMartins, M. S., Cabral, J., Lanceros-Mendez, S., & Rocha, G. (2015). Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations. Ocean Engineering, 100, 107-116. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.0010029-801810.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.001info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-21T12:24:21Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/38874Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:18:21.640754Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations |
title |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations |
spellingShingle |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations Martins, M. S. Underwater Acoustic Channel Underwater Wireless Communication Transducer Optimization Piezoelectric Ultrasound Emitter Transducers Digital Modulations Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas Science & Technology |
title_short |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations |
title_full |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations |
title_fullStr |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations |
title_sort |
Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations |
author |
Martins, M. S. |
author_facet |
Martins, M. S. Cabral, J. Lanceros-Méndez, S. Rocha, G. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Cabral, J. Lanceros-Méndez, S. Rocha, G. |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Martins, M. S. Cabral, J. Lanceros-Méndez, S. Rocha, G. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Underwater Acoustic Channel Underwater Wireless Communication Transducer Optimization Piezoelectric Ultrasound Emitter Transducers Digital Modulations Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas Science & Technology |
topic |
Underwater Acoustic Channel Underwater Wireless Communication Transducer Optimization Piezoelectric Ultrasound Emitter Transducers Digital Modulations Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas Science & Technology |
description |
In an underwater environment it is difficult to implement solutions for wireless communications. The existing technologies using electromagnetic waves or lasers are not very efficient due to the large attenuation in the aquatic environment. Ultrasound reveals a lower attenuation, and thus has been used in underwater long-distance communications. The much slower speed of acoustic propagation in water (about 1500 m/s) compared with that of electromagnetic and optical waves, is another limiting factor for efficient communication and networking. For high data-rates and real-time applications it is necessary to use frequencies in the MHz range, allowing communication distances of hundreds of meters with a delay of milliseconds. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop ultrasound transducers able to work at high frequencies and wideband, with suitable responses to digital modulations. This work shows how the acoustic impedance influences the performance of an ultrasonic emitter transducer when digital modulations are used and operating at frequencies between 100 kHz and 1 MHz. The study includes a Finite Element Method (FEM) and a MATLAB/Simulink simulation with an experimental validation to evaluate two types of piezoelectric materials: one based on ceramics (high acoustic impedance) with a resonance design and the other based in polymer (low acoustic impedance) designed to optimize the performance when digital modulations are used. The transducers performance for Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK), On-Off Keying (OOK), Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) modulations with a 1 MHz carrier at 125 kbps baud rate are compared. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/38874 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/38874 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Martins, M. S., Cabral, J., Lanceros-Mendez, S., & Rocha, G. (2015). Effect of the acoustic impedance in ultrasonic emitter transducers using digital modulations. Ocean Engineering, 100, 107-116. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.001 0029-8018 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.001 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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