Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576 |
Resumo: | Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = -0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: -3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: -16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = -0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = -0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = -0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: -1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: -2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining. |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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7160 |
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Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer PlayerssoccerperformancebiologyworkloadBackground: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = -0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: -3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: -16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = -0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = -0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = -0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: -1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: -2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.MDPI2021-11-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576eng2077-038334884288Clemente, Filipe ManuelGonzález-Fernández, Francisco TomásCeylan, Halil IbrahimSilva, RuiYounesi, SaeidChen, Yung-ShengBadicu, GeorgianWolański, PawełMurawska-Ciałowicz, Eugeniainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-01-26T21:53:18Zoai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/104857Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:21:29.647362Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players |
title |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players |
spellingShingle |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players Clemente, Filipe Manuel soccer performance biology workload |
title_short |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players |
title_full |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players |
title_fullStr |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players |
title_full_unstemmed |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players |
title_sort |
Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players |
author |
Clemente, Filipe Manuel |
author_facet |
Clemente, Filipe Manuel González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim Silva, Rui Younesi, Saeid Chen, Yung-Sheng Badicu, Georgian Wolański, Paweł Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim Silva, Rui Younesi, Saeid Chen, Yung-Sheng Badicu, Georgian Wolański, Paweł Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Clemente, Filipe Manuel González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim Silva, Rui Younesi, Saeid Chen, Yung-Sheng Badicu, Georgian Wolański, Paweł Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
soccer performance biology workload |
topic |
soccer performance biology workload |
description |
Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = -0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: -3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: -16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = -0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = -0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = -0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: -1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: -2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-27 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857 http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
2077-0383 34884288 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799134105634340865 |