Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Clemente, Filipe Manuel
Data de Publicação: 2021
Outros Autores: González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás, Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim, Silva, Rui, Younesi, Saeid, Chen, Yung-Sheng, Badicu, Georgian, Wolański, Paweł, Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576
Resumo: Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = -0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: -3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: -16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = -0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = -0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = -0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: -1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: -2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.
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spelling Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer PlayerssoccerperformancebiologyworkloadBackground: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = -0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: -3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: -16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = -0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = -0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = -0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: -1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: -2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.MDPI2021-11-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576eng2077-038334884288Clemente, Filipe ManuelGonzález-Fernández, Francisco TomásCeylan, Halil IbrahimSilva, RuiYounesi, SaeidChen, Yung-ShengBadicu, GeorgianWolański, PawełMurawska-Ciałowicz, Eugeniainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-01-26T21:53:18Zoai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/104857Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:21:29.647362Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
title Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
spellingShingle Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
Clemente, Filipe Manuel
soccer
performance
biology
workload
title_short Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
title_full Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
title_fullStr Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
title_full_unstemmed Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
title_sort Blood Biomarkers Variations across the Pre-Season and Interactions with Training Load: A Study in Professional Soccer Players
author Clemente, Filipe Manuel
author_facet Clemente, Filipe Manuel
González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás
Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim
Silva, Rui
Younesi, Saeid
Chen, Yung-Sheng
Badicu, Georgian
Wolański, Paweł
Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia
author_role author
author2 González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás
Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim
Silva, Rui
Younesi, Saeid
Chen, Yung-Sheng
Badicu, Georgian
Wolański, Paweł
Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Clemente, Filipe Manuel
González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás
Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim
Silva, Rui
Younesi, Saeid
Chen, Yung-Sheng
Badicu, Georgian
Wolański, Paweł
Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv soccer
performance
biology
workload
topic soccer
performance
biology
workload
description Background: Pre-season training in soccer can induce changes in biological markers in the circulation. However, relationships between chosen hematological and biochemical blood parameters and training load have not been measured. Objective: Analyze the blood measures changes and their relationships with training loads changes after pre-season training. Methodology: Twenty-five professional soccer players were assessed by training load measures (derived from rate of perceived exertion- known as RPE) during the pre-season period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Results: For hematological parameters, significant increases were found for platelets (PLT) (dif: 6.42; p = 0.006; d = -0.36), while significant decreases were found for absolute neutrophils count (ANC) (dif: -3.98; p = 0.006; d = 0.11), and absolute monocytes count (AMC) (dif: -16.98; p = 0.001; d = 0.78) after the pre-season period. For biochemical parameters, there were significant increases in creatinine (dif: 5.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.46), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (dif: 12.55; p = 0.001; d = -0.84), C-reactive protein (CRP) (dif: 15.15; p = 0.001; d = -0.67), cortisol (dif: 2.85; p = 0.001; d = -0.28), and testosterone (dif: 5.38; p = 0.001; d = -0.52), whereas there were significant decreases in calcium (dif: -1.31; p = 0.007; d =0.49) and calcium corrected (dif: -2.18; p = 0.015; d = 0.82) after the pre-season period. Moreover, the Hooper Index (dif: 13.22; p = 0.01; d = 0.78), and all derived RPE measures increased after pre-season period. Moderate-to-very large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.73) were found between the training load and hematological measures percentage of changes. Moderate-to-large positive and negative correlations (r range: 0.50-0.60) were found between training load and biochemical measures percentage of changes. Conclusions: The results indicated heavy physical loads during the pre-season, leading to a decrease in immune functions. Given the significant relationships between blood and training load measures, monitoring hematological and biochemical measures allow coaches to minimize injury risk, overreaching, and overtraining.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-11-27
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576
url http://hdl.handle.net/10316/104857
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235576
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 2077-0383
34884288
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron_str RCAAP
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reponame_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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