Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22273 |
Resumo: | This study aimed to identify the biomechanical features of backstroke to breaststroke transition techniques (open, somersault, bucket, and crossover) in age-group swimmers. Eighteen preadolescent swimmers (12.2 ± 0.4 years old and 3–4 Tanner stages) underwent 4 weeks of systematic contextual interference training, comprising 16 sessions (40 min·session−1). Soon after, experimental testing was conducted where swimmers randomly performed 12 × 15m maximal turns (composed of 7.5m turn-in and 7.5m turn-out of the wall segments), three in each transition technique. Kinematical, kinetic, and hydrodynamic variables were assessed with a dual-media motion capture system (12 land and 11 underwater cameras), triaxial underwater force plates, and inverse dynamics. Variables were grouped in turn-in (approach and rotation) and turn-out (wall contact, gliding, and pull-out) phases, with factor analysis used to select the variables entering on multiple regressions. For the turn-in phase, 86, 77, 89, and 87% of the variance for open, somersault, bucket, and crossover turning techniques, respectively, was accounted by the 7.5 and 2.5m times, mean stroke length, and rotation time. For the turn-out phase, first gliding distance and time, second gliding depth, turn-out time, and dominating peak_Z push-off force accounted for 93% in open turn, while wall contact time, first gliding distance, breakout distance and time, turn-out time, dominating peak_Y push-off force, and second gliding drag coefficient accounted for 92% in a somersault turn. The foot plant index, push-off velocity, second gliding distance, and turn-out time accounted for 92% in bucket turn while breakout and turn-out time, non-dominating peak_Y and peak_Z push-off force, first and second gliding drag force and second gliding drag coefficient accounted for 90% in crossover turn, respectively. The findings in this study were novel and provided relevant biomechanical contribution, focusing on the key kinematic–temporal determinant during turn-in, rotation, and push-off efficacy, and the kinetic and hydrodynamic during turn-out, which would lead to improved backstroke to breaststroke transition techniques in 11–13 years-old age-group swimmers. |
id |
RCAP_46582aeeb2121f5bd6922b58ea1ff8df |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/22273 |
network_acronym_str |
RCAP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository_id_str |
7160 |
spelling |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group SwimmersExerciseAquatic locomotionSwimmingBiomechanicsMotion captureForce plateHydrodynamicsPerformanceThis study aimed to identify the biomechanical features of backstroke to breaststroke transition techniques (open, somersault, bucket, and crossover) in age-group swimmers. Eighteen preadolescent swimmers (12.2 ± 0.4 years old and 3–4 Tanner stages) underwent 4 weeks of systematic contextual interference training, comprising 16 sessions (40 min·session−1). Soon after, experimental testing was conducted where swimmers randomly performed 12 × 15m maximal turns (composed of 7.5m turn-in and 7.5m turn-out of the wall segments), three in each transition technique. Kinematical, kinetic, and hydrodynamic variables were assessed with a dual-media motion capture system (12 land and 11 underwater cameras), triaxial underwater force plates, and inverse dynamics. Variables were grouped in turn-in (approach and rotation) and turn-out (wall contact, gliding, and pull-out) phases, with factor analysis used to select the variables entering on multiple regressions. For the turn-in phase, 86, 77, 89, and 87% of the variance for open, somersault, bucket, and crossover turning techniques, respectively, was accounted by the 7.5 and 2.5m times, mean stroke length, and rotation time. For the turn-out phase, first gliding distance and time, second gliding depth, turn-out time, and dominating peak_Z push-off force accounted for 93% in open turn, while wall contact time, first gliding distance, breakout distance and time, turn-out time, dominating peak_Y push-off force, and second gliding drag coefficient accounted for 92% in a somersault turn. The foot plant index, push-off velocity, second gliding distance, and turn-out time accounted for 92% in bucket turn while breakout and turn-out time, non-dominating peak_Y and peak_Z push-off force, first and second gliding drag force and second gliding drag coefficient accounted for 90% in crossover turn, respectively. The findings in this study were novel and provided relevant biomechanical contribution, focusing on the key kinematic–temporal determinant during turn-in, rotation, and push-off efficacy, and the kinetic and hydrodynamic during turn-out, which would lead to improved backstroke to breaststroke transition techniques in 11–13 years-old age-group swimmers.This study was supported by the Faculty of the Sport Science, Burapha University, Thailand (grant number 062/2554). RZ was founded by Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure—CIAFEL—Faculty of Sports, University of Porto—FADEUP (FCT UID/DTP/00617/2020 and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal (LA/P/0064/2020).FrontiersRepositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do PortoChainok, Phornpotde Jesus, KarlaMourão, LuisFonseca, Pedro Filipe PereiraZacca, RodrigoFernandes, Ricardo J.Vilas-Boas, João Paulo2023-02-14T15:57:17Z20222022-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22273eng10.3389/fspor.2022.802967info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-03-13T13:18:55Zoai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/22273Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T17:42:20.588101Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers |
title |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers |
spellingShingle |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers Chainok, Phornpot Exercise Aquatic locomotion Swimming Biomechanics Motion capture Force plate Hydrodynamics Performance |
title_short |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers |
title_full |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers |
title_fullStr |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers |
title_sort |
Biomechanical Features of Backstroke to Breaststroke Transition Techniques in Age-Group Swimmers |
author |
Chainok, Phornpot |
author_facet |
Chainok, Phornpot de Jesus, Karla Mourão, Luis Fonseca, Pedro Filipe Pereira Zacca, Rodrigo Fernandes, Ricardo J. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
de Jesus, Karla Mourão, Luis Fonseca, Pedro Filipe Pereira Zacca, Rodrigo Fernandes, Ricardo J. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Chainok, Phornpot de Jesus, Karla Mourão, Luis Fonseca, Pedro Filipe Pereira Zacca, Rodrigo Fernandes, Ricardo J. Vilas-Boas, João Paulo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Exercise Aquatic locomotion Swimming Biomechanics Motion capture Force plate Hydrodynamics Performance |
topic |
Exercise Aquatic locomotion Swimming Biomechanics Motion capture Force plate Hydrodynamics Performance |
description |
This study aimed to identify the biomechanical features of backstroke to breaststroke transition techniques (open, somersault, bucket, and crossover) in age-group swimmers. Eighteen preadolescent swimmers (12.2 ± 0.4 years old and 3–4 Tanner stages) underwent 4 weeks of systematic contextual interference training, comprising 16 sessions (40 min·session−1). Soon after, experimental testing was conducted where swimmers randomly performed 12 × 15m maximal turns (composed of 7.5m turn-in and 7.5m turn-out of the wall segments), three in each transition technique. Kinematical, kinetic, and hydrodynamic variables were assessed with a dual-media motion capture system (12 land and 11 underwater cameras), triaxial underwater force plates, and inverse dynamics. Variables were grouped in turn-in (approach and rotation) and turn-out (wall contact, gliding, and pull-out) phases, with factor analysis used to select the variables entering on multiple regressions. For the turn-in phase, 86, 77, 89, and 87% of the variance for open, somersault, bucket, and crossover turning techniques, respectively, was accounted by the 7.5 and 2.5m times, mean stroke length, and rotation time. For the turn-out phase, first gliding distance and time, second gliding depth, turn-out time, and dominating peak_Z push-off force accounted for 93% in open turn, while wall contact time, first gliding distance, breakout distance and time, turn-out time, dominating peak_Y push-off force, and second gliding drag coefficient accounted for 92% in a somersault turn. The foot plant index, push-off velocity, second gliding distance, and turn-out time accounted for 92% in bucket turn while breakout and turn-out time, non-dominating peak_Y and peak_Z push-off force, first and second gliding drag force and second gliding drag coefficient accounted for 90% in crossover turn, respectively. The findings in this study were novel and provided relevant biomechanical contribution, focusing on the key kinematic–temporal determinant during turn-in, rotation, and push-off efficacy, and the kinetic and hydrodynamic during turn-out, which would lead to improved backstroke to breaststroke transition techniques in 11–13 years-old age-group swimmers. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z 2023-02-14T15:57:17Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22273 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22273 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3389/fspor.2022.802967 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Frontiers |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Frontiers |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799131510034399232 |