Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions
| Autor(a) principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de Publicação: | 2013 |
| Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | eng |
| Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
| Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28099 |
Resumo: | Dissertação de mestrado em Structural Analysis of Monuments and Historical Constructions |
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Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions624.011.1624.042.7Dissertação de mestrado em Structural Analysis of Monuments and Historical ConstructionsConnections are an important part of timber frame structures, as is the case of half-timbered walls and play a major role in their overall behaviour. Therefore, focusing on the connections’ behaviour is essential when addressing the study of seismic response of traditional timber structures. Half-timbered walls are well known as one of the most efficient seismic resistant structures in the world. The origin of half-timbered structures probably goes back to the Roman Empire and examples can be found in Europe, Asia and the American continent. In Portugal, these buildings, called Pombalino buildings, consist of outer masonry walls and an internal timber cage filled with rubble or brick masonry. Half-timbered walls act as shear walls in these structures and it is essential to study their response to horizontal loads both in their original state and after retrofitting, since a great effort has been made in the last years from a rehabilitation point of view. In half-timbered walls, and timber frame walls in general, seismic damage is concentrated in the connections. Therefore, the main points of intervention are usually the traditional timber joints. In this study, an experimental campaign on overlapped connections has been carried out studying the response to compressive and horizontal loads and evaluating adequate retrofitting solutions. In order to better characterize the response of traditional overlapped connections, cyclic in plane tests have been performed in order to obtain information on their seismic behaviour, taking into account their hysteretic behaviour and their dissipative capacity. Moreover, pull-out tests have been performed on the same type of connection in order to better characterize the rocking behaviour observed in traditional half-timbered walls, resulting in important uplift displacements of the bottom overlapped connections. In this work, results on both these types of tests on traditional timber connections are presented, concerning their unreinforced and their retrofitted states, and recommendations are provided on the retrofitting solutions.As ligações constituem uma parte importante de estruturas de madeira tal como no caso de paredes tradicionais de madeira e têm um papel fulcral no comportamento mecânico. Assim, o foco colocado no comportamento das ligações é essencial quando se quer estudar o comportamento sísmico de estruturas tradicionais de madeira. As paredes de frontal são bem conhecidas como sendo um dos elementos construtivos mais eficientes em termos de resistência sísmica. A origem das paredes tradicionais de madeira remontam ao tempo do império Romano e vários exemplos podem ser encontrados na Europa, Asia e no continente americano. Em Portugal, o sistema construtivo com as paredes de frontal são designados de edifícios Pombalinos e apresentam as paredes exteriores em alvenaria de pedra e a estrutura interna constituída por gaiolas que resultam de uma associação de paredes de frontal preenchidas com alvenaria de pedra irregular ou alvenaria de tijolo. As paredes de frontal funcionam como paredes de contraventamento, sendo essencial o estudo do seu comportamento a ações horizontais, com e sem reforço dado que um grande esforço necessário na reabilitação destas paredes. Em paredes de frontal e paredes de madeira tradicionais, o dano sísmico é concentrado maioritariamente nas ligações. Deste modo, os pontos de intervenção são usualmente as ligações de madeira. Neste trabalho, foi levada a cabo uma campanha experimental em ligações designadas de “ligações meia-madeira” para caracterização do comportamento mecânico a esforços de tração e ações laterais cíclicas e para a avaliação de diferentes técnicas de reforço. Para o efeito, ensaios cíclicos no plano foram feitos para avaliar o comportamento sísmico com base nos diagramas histeréticos força-deslocamento e capacidade de dissipação de energia. Adicionalmente foram feitos ensaios de tração cíclicos no mesmo tipo de ligações com o objetivo de caracterização o seu comportamento em tração, dado que as ligações meia-madeira da base da parede de frontal estão sujeitos a este tipo de ação devido ao comportamento tipo “rocking” das paredes de frontal sujeitas a ações laterais. Neste trabalho, os resultados de ambos os tipos de ensaios são apresentados em provetes sem e com reforço e recomendações são fornecidas acerca das soluções de reforço.Χαρακτηρισμός των παραδοσιακών συνδέσμων στις ξυλόπηκτες τοιχοποιίες: Πειραματικά αποτελέσματα και λύσεις ενίσχυσης Οι σύνδεσμοι αποτελούν σημαντικό τμήμα στις τοιχοποιίες με ξύλινο σκελετό, όπως οι ξυλόπηκτες, και έχουν μείζοντα ρόλο στην συνολική τους συμπεριφορά. Ως εκ τούτου, η έμφαση στη συμπεριφορά των συνδέσεων είναι απαραίτητη για την μελέτη της σεισμικής απόκρισης των παραδοσιακών ξύλινων κατασκευών. Οι ξυλόπηκτες τοιχοποιίες, ως γνωστόν είναι από τις πιο αποτελεσματικές, σεισμικά ανθεκτικές δομές στον κόσμο. Η προέλευση τους, πιθανώς πηγαίνει πίσω στην Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία και παραδείγματα μπορούν να βρεθούν στην Ευρώπη, την Ασία και την Αμερικανική ήπειρο. Στην Πορτογαλία, τα κτίρια που φέρουν αυτήν την τεχνοτροπία, ονομάζονται “Pombalino” κι αποτελούνται απο την εξωτερική τοιχοποιία λιθοδομής κι έναν εσωτερικό ξύλινο σκελετό – «κλουβί», του οποίου τα κενά συμπληρώνονται με λίθους ακανόνιστου σχήματος και κονίαμα ή οπτοπλινθοδομή. Στην περίπτωση αυτή, οι ξυλόπηκτες τοιχοποιίες συμπεριφέρονται ως τοιχεία, επομένως είναι απαραίτητη η μελέτη της απόκρισής τους σε οριζόντια φορτία, τόσο στην αρχική τους κατάσταση αλλά και αφότου ενισχυθούν, δεδομένου ότι τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει γίνει μια μεγάλη προσπάθεια από πλευράς αποκατάστασης-αναμόρφωσης των εν λόγω κατασκευών. Στις ξυλόπηκτες και στις τοιχοποιίες με ξύλινο σκελετό, η σεισμική βλάβη σε γενικές γραμμές, συγκεντρώνεται στις συνδέσεις. Επομένως, τα σημεία όπου επικεντρώνονται οι επεμβάσεις είναι συνήθως ο παραδοσιακοί, ξύλινοι σύνδεσμοι. Σε αυτή τη διπλωματική εργασία, έχει διεξαχθεί μια πειραματική εκστρατεία με σκοπό τη μελέτη της απόκρισης των επικαλυπτόμενων ξύλινων συνδέσεων κατά την ταυτόχρονη υποβολή τους σε θλιπτικά και οριζόντια φορτία και την αξιολόγηση κατάλληλων λύσεων ενίσχυσής τους. Με σκοπό τον καλύτερο χαρακτηρισμό της απόκρισης στις προαναφερθείσες συνδέσεις, πραγματοποιήθηκαν πειράματα επαναλαμβανόμενης οριζόντιας μετατόπισης εντός επιπέδου με διαφορετικά επίπεδα αξονικής φόρτισης, ώστε να ληφθούν πληροφορίες σχετικά με την σεισμική τους συμπεριφορά, μέσω των βρόχων υστέρησης και της ικανότητας διάχυσης ενέργειας. Παράλληλα, πραγματοποιήθηκαν πειράματα επαναλαμβανόμενης κατακόρυφης μετατόπισης εντός επιπέδου στον ίδιο τύπο συνδέσεων, ώστε να χαρακτηριστεί η παρατηρηθείσα συμπεριφορά «λικνισμού» κατά τη διάρκεια πειραμάτων σε ξυλόπηκτες τοιχοποιίες, που είχε ως αποτέλεσμα σημαντικές μετατοπίσεις ανύψωσης στις επικαλυπτόμενες συνδέσεις της βάσης. Στη δεδομένη εργασία διπλωματικής διατριβής, παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα για τους δυο προηγούμενους τύπους πειραμάτων στις παραδοσιακές, ξύλινες συνδέσεις, πριν και μετά την ενίσχυσή τους και παρέχονται συστάσεις για λύσεις ενίσχυσής τους.Vasconcelos, GraçaBranco, Jorge M.Universidade do MinhoKoukouviki, Aikaterini Maria20132013-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/1822/28099eng201193639info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-21T12:52:56Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/28099Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:52:10.501007Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions |
| title |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions |
| spellingShingle |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions Koukouviki, Aikaterini Maria 624.011.1 624.042.7 |
| title_short |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions |
| title_full |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions |
| title_fullStr |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions |
| title_sort |
Mechanical characterization of traditional connections in half-timbered walls : experimental results and retrofitting solutions |
| author |
Koukouviki, Aikaterini Maria |
| author_facet |
Koukouviki, Aikaterini Maria |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Vasconcelos, Graça Branco, Jorge M. Universidade do Minho |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Koukouviki, Aikaterini Maria |
| dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
624.011.1 624.042.7 |
| topic |
624.011.1 624.042.7 |
| description |
Dissertação de mestrado em Structural Analysis of Monuments and Historical Constructions |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2013 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28099 |
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eng |
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eng |
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201193639 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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