Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts?
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10198/26130 |
Resumo: | Cichorium spinosum L. is a perennial wild edible plant that is usually found near the coasts of the Mediterranean basin. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the fertilization regime on the growth and chemical profile of pot-grown C. spinosum plants, as well as the effect of extraction protocol (aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts on bioactive properties). For this purpose, plants were fertilized via a nutrient solution that differed in the amounts (mg/L) of N:P:K, e.g., 100:100:100 (C111), 200:100:100 (C211), 200:200:200 (C222), 300:100:100 (C311), 300:200:200 (C322), and 300:300:300 (C333) mg/L of N:P:K, as well as a control treatment with no fertilizer added (C0). The fertilization regime had a beneficial effect on the growth parameters of spiny chicory, while it improved its nutritional value, as indicated by the polyunsaturated (PUFA)/saturated (SFA) ratio being higher than 0.45 and the omega-6 (n-6)/omega-3 (n-3) ratio being lower than 4.0. Seven phenolic compounds were detected, including two phenolic acids and five flavonoids, while a varied composition was recorded depending on the fertilization regime and the extraction protocol. In regards to the studied bioactive parameters, antioxidant activity was significantly affected by the applied fertilizers and the extraction protocol, while there was no significant effect on the cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The antimicrobial properties of C. spinosum showed varying trends depending on the bacterial strain, the fertilization regime, and the extraction protocol, whereas we recorded the extracts' weak antifungal activity against the studied fungi. In conclusion, even though the fertilization of C. spinosum plants had beneficial effects on growth and nutritional value, a significant effect of the extraction protocol on the chemical profile and bioactivities of the edible leaves was also recorded, indicating the application of tailor-made fertilization regimes combined with the most suitable extraction method for the achievement of high-quality final products. |
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Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts?Spiny chicoryWild edible plantsChemical fertilizersHealthy foodBioactive compoundsPhenolic compoundsAntimicrobial propertiesCichorium spinosum L. is a perennial wild edible plant that is usually found near the coasts of the Mediterranean basin. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the fertilization regime on the growth and chemical profile of pot-grown C. spinosum plants, as well as the effect of extraction protocol (aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts on bioactive properties). For this purpose, plants were fertilized via a nutrient solution that differed in the amounts (mg/L) of N:P:K, e.g., 100:100:100 (C111), 200:100:100 (C211), 200:200:200 (C222), 300:100:100 (C311), 300:200:200 (C322), and 300:300:300 (C333) mg/L of N:P:K, as well as a control treatment with no fertilizer added (C0). The fertilization regime had a beneficial effect on the growth parameters of spiny chicory, while it improved its nutritional value, as indicated by the polyunsaturated (PUFA)/saturated (SFA) ratio being higher than 0.45 and the omega-6 (n-6)/omega-3 (n-3) ratio being lower than 4.0. Seven phenolic compounds were detected, including two phenolic acids and five flavonoids, while a varied composition was recorded depending on the fertilization regime and the extraction protocol. In regards to the studied bioactive parameters, antioxidant activity was significantly affected by the applied fertilizers and the extraction protocol, while there was no significant effect on the cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The antimicrobial properties of C. spinosum showed varying trends depending on the bacterial strain, the fertilization regime, and the extraction protocol, whereas we recorded the extracts' weak antifungal activity against the studied fungi. In conclusion, even though the fertilization of C. spinosum plants had beneficial effects on growth and nutritional value, a significant effect of the extraction protocol on the chemical profile and bioactivities of the edible leaves was also recorded, indicating the application of tailor-made fertilization regimes combined with the most suitable extraction method for the achievement of high-quality final products.MDPIBiblioteca Digital do IPBPolyzos, NikolaosPaschoalinotto, B. H.Compocholi, MariaPinela, JoséHeleno, Sandrina A.Calhelha, Ricardo C.Dias, Maria InêsBarros, LillianPetropoulos, Spyridon Α.2022-11-21T11:35:48Z20222022-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10198/26130engPolyzos, Nikolaos; Paschoalinotto, B. H.; Compocholi, Maria; Pinela, José; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Dias, Maria Inês; Barros, Lillian; Petropoulos, Spyridon Α.. (2022). Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts?. Horticulturae. EISSN 2311-7524. 8:10, p. 1-222311-7524info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-21T10:58:27Zoai:bibliotecadigital.ipb.pt:10198/26130Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T23:16:41.444021Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? |
title |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? |
spellingShingle |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? Polyzos, Nikolaos Spiny chicory Wild edible plants Chemical fertilizers Healthy food Bioactive compounds Phenolic compounds Antimicrobial properties |
title_short |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? |
title_full |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? |
title_fullStr |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? |
title_sort |
Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts? |
author |
Polyzos, Nikolaos |
author_facet |
Polyzos, Nikolaos Paschoalinotto, B. H. Compocholi, Maria Pinela, José Heleno, Sandrina A. Calhelha, Ricardo C. Dias, Maria Inês Barros, Lillian Petropoulos, Spyridon Α. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Paschoalinotto, B. H. Compocholi, Maria Pinela, José Heleno, Sandrina A. Calhelha, Ricardo C. Dias, Maria Inês Barros, Lillian Petropoulos, Spyridon Α. |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital do IPB |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Polyzos, Nikolaos Paschoalinotto, B. H. Compocholi, Maria Pinela, José Heleno, Sandrina A. Calhelha, Ricardo C. Dias, Maria Inês Barros, Lillian Petropoulos, Spyridon Α. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Spiny chicory Wild edible plants Chemical fertilizers Healthy food Bioactive compounds Phenolic compounds Antimicrobial properties |
topic |
Spiny chicory Wild edible plants Chemical fertilizers Healthy food Bioactive compounds Phenolic compounds Antimicrobial properties |
description |
Cichorium spinosum L. is a perennial wild edible plant that is usually found near the coasts of the Mediterranean basin. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the fertilization regime on the growth and chemical profile of pot-grown C. spinosum plants, as well as the effect of extraction protocol (aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts on bioactive properties). For this purpose, plants were fertilized via a nutrient solution that differed in the amounts (mg/L) of N:P:K, e.g., 100:100:100 (C111), 200:100:100 (C211), 200:200:200 (C222), 300:100:100 (C311), 300:200:200 (C322), and 300:300:300 (C333) mg/L of N:P:K, as well as a control treatment with no fertilizer added (C0). The fertilization regime had a beneficial effect on the growth parameters of spiny chicory, while it improved its nutritional value, as indicated by the polyunsaturated (PUFA)/saturated (SFA) ratio being higher than 0.45 and the omega-6 (n-6)/omega-3 (n-3) ratio being lower than 4.0. Seven phenolic compounds were detected, including two phenolic acids and five flavonoids, while a varied composition was recorded depending on the fertilization regime and the extraction protocol. In regards to the studied bioactive parameters, antioxidant activity was significantly affected by the applied fertilizers and the extraction protocol, while there was no significant effect on the cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity. The antimicrobial properties of C. spinosum showed varying trends depending on the bacterial strain, the fertilization regime, and the extraction protocol, whereas we recorded the extracts' weak antifungal activity against the studied fungi. In conclusion, even though the fertilization of C. spinosum plants had beneficial effects on growth and nutritional value, a significant effect of the extraction protocol on the chemical profile and bioactivities of the edible leaves was also recorded, indicating the application of tailor-made fertilization regimes combined with the most suitable extraction method for the achievement of high-quality final products. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11-21T11:35:48Z 2022 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10198/26130 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10198/26130 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Polyzos, Nikolaos; Paschoalinotto, B. H.; Compocholi, Maria; Pinela, José; Heleno, Sandrina A.; Calhelha, Ricardo C.; Dias, Maria Inês; Barros, Lillian; Petropoulos, Spyridon Α.. (2022). Fertilization of pot-grown Cichorium spinosum L.: how it can affect plant growth, chemical profile, and bioactivities of edible parts?. Horticulturae. EISSN 2311-7524. 8:10, p. 1-22 2311-7524 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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MDPI |
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MDPI |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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