Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10362/42983 |
Resumo: | Over the last years, the regional trade agreements have been growing in number and complexity. These agreements, besides the fact that they create most favourable conditions for trade between the contracting-parties, they create discrimination in relation to other states that, despite being parties to the World Trade Organization, are not parties to these agreements. Among the various problems that these agreements create, it has been highlighted the fact that, most of them, contains their own dispute settlement mechanisms. The coexistence of such mechanisms with that of World Trade Organization has created a phenomenon known as “overlapping and conflicting jurisdiction”. The big concern about the overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions is the fact that it can cause multiple litigation (simultaneous or subsequent), which can lead to two different and, perhaps, contrary decisions about the same subject matter. And if that happens, the dispute may be left unresolved because no decision eliminates the other. To avoid that, regional trade agreements have been establishing forum choice clauses. Those clauses, usually establish exclusive jurisdiction to one of the available forum, or a free choice to the complainant, meaning that, once the proceedings are initiated in one of the available forum, that choice excludes the possibility to initiate proceeding concerning the same matter in the other forum. Due to the lack of similar clauses in the World Trade Organization, the forum choice clauses have been insufficient and inefficient to deal with problems raised by overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions. That said, many authors and scholars have been defending the adoption of several measures that could solve the problem. Despite some of them defend the necessity of World Trade Organization reforms, most of them suggest the application of general legal principles like, abuse of rights, good faith, res judicata, lis alibi pendens, forum conveniens / non conveniens and comity. However, the application of these principles has been quite sparse in international law. Due to the particularities of World Trade Organization and regional trade agreements jurisdictions, their application reveals itself almost impossible, leaving the problem unsolved. |
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Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comérciosobreposição e conflito de jurisdiçõesAcordos Regionais de ComércioOrganização Mundial de ComércioSistema de Resolução de LitígiosSobreposição e Conflito de JurisdiçõesRegional Trade AgreementsWorld Trade OrganizationDispute Settlement MechanismOverlapping and Conflicting JurisdictionDireitoOver the last years, the regional trade agreements have been growing in number and complexity. These agreements, besides the fact that they create most favourable conditions for trade between the contracting-parties, they create discrimination in relation to other states that, despite being parties to the World Trade Organization, are not parties to these agreements. Among the various problems that these agreements create, it has been highlighted the fact that, most of them, contains their own dispute settlement mechanisms. The coexistence of such mechanisms with that of World Trade Organization has created a phenomenon known as “overlapping and conflicting jurisdiction”. The big concern about the overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions is the fact that it can cause multiple litigation (simultaneous or subsequent), which can lead to two different and, perhaps, contrary decisions about the same subject matter. And if that happens, the dispute may be left unresolved because no decision eliminates the other. To avoid that, regional trade agreements have been establishing forum choice clauses. Those clauses, usually establish exclusive jurisdiction to one of the available forum, or a free choice to the complainant, meaning that, once the proceedings are initiated in one of the available forum, that choice excludes the possibility to initiate proceeding concerning the same matter in the other forum. Due to the lack of similar clauses in the World Trade Organization, the forum choice clauses have been insufficient and inefficient to deal with problems raised by overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions. That said, many authors and scholars have been defending the adoption of several measures that could solve the problem. Despite some of them defend the necessity of World Trade Organization reforms, most of them suggest the application of general legal principles like, abuse of rights, good faith, res judicata, lis alibi pendens, forum conveniens / non conveniens and comity. However, the application of these principles has been quite sparse in international law. Due to the particularities of World Trade Organization and regional trade agreements jurisdictions, their application reveals itself almost impossible, leaving the problem unsolved.Ao longo dos últimos anos, os acordos regionais de comércio têm crescido em número e em complexidade. Estes acordos, além de criarem condições mais favoráveis ao comércio entre os seus estados-parte, criam uma discriminação em relação aos estados que, apesar de serem parte da Organização Mundial do Comércio, não são parte desses acordos. De entre os vários problemas que a existência destes acordos cria, tem assumido grande destaque o facto de grande parte deles conterem mecanismos de resolução de litígios próprios. A coexistência desses mecanismos com os da Organização Mundial do Comércio, gerou um fenómeno chamado “sobreposição e conflito de jurisdições”. A grande preocupação que resulta da sobreposição e conflito de jurisdições é o facto de poder causar dupla litigação (simultânea ou subsequente), o que pode conduzir a duas decisões diferentes e, talvez, contrárias, sobre a mesma matéria. E se isso acontecer, a disputa pode ficar por resolver porque nenhuma das decisões revoga a outra. Para evitar que tal aconteça, os acordos regionais de comércio têm estabelecido cláusulas de escolha de fórum. Essas cláusulas, normalmente atribuem jurisdição exclusiva a um dos fóruns disponíveis, ou a livre escolha por parte do queixoso, significando isso que, iniciados os procedimentos no fórum escolhido, fica excluída a possibilidade de serem iniciados procedimentos sobre a mesma matéria no outro fórum. Devido à ausência de cláusulas de conteúdo semelhante na Organização Mundial de Comércio, as cláusulas de escolha de fórum têm sido insuficientes e ineficientes para lidar com os problemas levantados pela sobreposição e conflito de jurisdições. Dito isto, muitos autores e académicos têm defendido a adoção de algumas medidas para resolver o problema. Apesar de alguns deles defenderem a necessidade de reformas à Organização Mundial do Comércio, a maioria sugere a aplicação de princípios gerais de direito como o abuso de direito, a boa fé, caso julgado, litispendência, forum conveniens / non conveniens e a comity. Na realidade, a aplicação destes princípios no direito internacional tem sido muito esparsa. E dadas as particularidades da Organização Mundial do Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio, a sua aplicação revela-se praticamente impossível, deixando por resolver o problema em análise.Feteira, Lúcio ToméRUNLoreto, Marta Macedo2021-07-02T00:30:17Z2018-07-022018-032018-07-02T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/42983TID:201949495porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-11T04:23:04Zoai:run.unl.pt:10362/42983Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:31:33.322116Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio sobreposição e conflito de jurisdições |
title |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio |
spellingShingle |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio Loreto, Marta Macedo Acordos Regionais de Comércio Organização Mundial de Comércio Sistema de Resolução de Litígios Sobreposição e Conflito de Jurisdições Regional Trade Agreements World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Mechanism Overlapping and Conflicting Jurisdiction Direito |
title_short |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio |
title_full |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio |
title_fullStr |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio |
title_full_unstemmed |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio |
title_sort |
Os sistemas de resolução de litígios da Organização Mundial de Comércio e dos acordos regionais de comércio |
author |
Loreto, Marta Macedo |
author_facet |
Loreto, Marta Macedo |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Feteira, Lúcio Tomé RUN |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Loreto, Marta Macedo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Acordos Regionais de Comércio Organização Mundial de Comércio Sistema de Resolução de Litígios Sobreposição e Conflito de Jurisdições Regional Trade Agreements World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Mechanism Overlapping and Conflicting Jurisdiction Direito |
topic |
Acordos Regionais de Comércio Organização Mundial de Comércio Sistema de Resolução de Litígios Sobreposição e Conflito de Jurisdições Regional Trade Agreements World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Mechanism Overlapping and Conflicting Jurisdiction Direito |
description |
Over the last years, the regional trade agreements have been growing in number and complexity. These agreements, besides the fact that they create most favourable conditions for trade between the contracting-parties, they create discrimination in relation to other states that, despite being parties to the World Trade Organization, are not parties to these agreements. Among the various problems that these agreements create, it has been highlighted the fact that, most of them, contains their own dispute settlement mechanisms. The coexistence of such mechanisms with that of World Trade Organization has created a phenomenon known as “overlapping and conflicting jurisdiction”. The big concern about the overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions is the fact that it can cause multiple litigation (simultaneous or subsequent), which can lead to two different and, perhaps, contrary decisions about the same subject matter. And if that happens, the dispute may be left unresolved because no decision eliminates the other. To avoid that, regional trade agreements have been establishing forum choice clauses. Those clauses, usually establish exclusive jurisdiction to one of the available forum, or a free choice to the complainant, meaning that, once the proceedings are initiated in one of the available forum, that choice excludes the possibility to initiate proceeding concerning the same matter in the other forum. Due to the lack of similar clauses in the World Trade Organization, the forum choice clauses have been insufficient and inefficient to deal with problems raised by overlapping and conflicting jurisdictions. That said, many authors and scholars have been defending the adoption of several measures that could solve the problem. Despite some of them defend the necessity of World Trade Organization reforms, most of them suggest the application of general legal principles like, abuse of rights, good faith, res judicata, lis alibi pendens, forum conveniens / non conveniens and comity. However, the application of these principles has been quite sparse in international law. Due to the particularities of World Trade Organization and regional trade agreements jurisdictions, their application reveals itself almost impossible, leaving the problem unsolved. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-07-02 2018-03 2018-07-02T00:00:00Z 2021-07-02T00:30:17Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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