Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Parracha, João Luís
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Silva, António Santos, Cotrim, Mafalda, Faria, Paulina
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.021
Resumo: PTDC/EPH-PAT/4684/2014
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spelling Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne CastleArchitectural heritageConservationEarth constructionInterventionLime stabilizationMicrostructureConservationChemistry (miscellaneous)ArchaeologyMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Economics, Econometrics and Finance(all)SpectroscopyComputer Science ApplicationsPTDC/EPH-PAT/4684/2014In many countries, earth was a very common construction material until the middle of the 20th century, being rammed earth one of the most widespread construction techniques. Nowadays, there are still a large number of constructions with this traditional technique, from vernacular dwellings to monuments. Therefore, rammed earth constructions integrate cultural, historical, technical and architectonic recognised value and the constant neglect of this type of constructions, without maintenance and conservations measures over time, or with inadequate interventions, presents a worrying reality. This paper aims to contribute towards increasing the knowledge on materials from 12th century Paderne castle, located in Algarve, south of Portugal. Data from interventions performed on the castle in the 20th and 21st centuries were gathered. Samples from the rammed earth castle tower and walls and mortar from a more recent chapel were collect during the 21st century interventions and characterised, mainly by microstructural and mineralogical techniques. Most of them present calcareous and siliceous aggregates in their composition, except for samples collected from the wall where no siliceous aggregates were detected. Rammed earth samples present a brownish colour being the binder a mixture of clayey earth and lime, and the coarse aggregate mostly limestone. Iron oxide/hydroxide and clay minerals, very common in earth composites, are detected and a lime + clay binder/aggregate ratio of 1:1.5 in volume is the most frequently found. The large amount of calcite in all rammed earth samples is an indication of the use of carbonate gravel mixed with a high content of air lime. The presence of white nodules in the earthen matrix induces that the lime was probably applied as quick lime and, afterwards, hydrated by mixing with the moistened earth. The lime was used as a stabiliser (technique called “military” rammed earth) to promote a hardening process by carbonation and increase durability to weathering. Therefore, characterisation results obtained in this study allow to draw conclusions about the materials and construction techniques used in the past, in order to support future compatible, effective and reversible interventions in this and in similar historic military rammed earth constructions.DEC - Departamento de Engenharia CivilCERIS - Polo NOVARUNParracha, João LuísSilva, António SantosCotrim, MafaldaFaria, Paulina2021-04-19T00:30:38Z2020-032020-03-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.021eng1296-2074PURE: 14478974http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070542812&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.021info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-11T04:35:19Zoai:run.unl.pt:10362/79632Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:35:49.022335Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
title Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
spellingShingle Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
Parracha, João Luís
Architectural heritage
Conservation
Earth construction
Intervention
Lime stabilization
Microstructure
Conservation
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Archaeology
Materials Science (miscellaneous)
Economics, Econometrics and Finance(all)
Spectroscopy
Computer Science Applications
title_short Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
title_full Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
title_fullStr Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
title_full_unstemmed Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
title_sort Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation of rammed earth and earthen mortars from 12th century Paderne Castle
author Parracha, João Luís
author_facet Parracha, João Luís
Silva, António Santos
Cotrim, Mafalda
Faria, Paulina
author_role author
author2 Silva, António Santos
Cotrim, Mafalda
Faria, Paulina
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv DEC - Departamento de Engenharia Civil
CERIS - Polo NOVA
RUN
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Parracha, João Luís
Silva, António Santos
Cotrim, Mafalda
Faria, Paulina
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Architectural heritage
Conservation
Earth construction
Intervention
Lime stabilization
Microstructure
Conservation
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Archaeology
Materials Science (miscellaneous)
Economics, Econometrics and Finance(all)
Spectroscopy
Computer Science Applications
topic Architectural heritage
Conservation
Earth construction
Intervention
Lime stabilization
Microstructure
Conservation
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Archaeology
Materials Science (miscellaneous)
Economics, Econometrics and Finance(all)
Spectroscopy
Computer Science Applications
description PTDC/EPH-PAT/4684/2014
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-03
2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
2021-04-19T00:30:38Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.021
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.021
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 1296-2074
PURE: 14478974
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070542812&partnerID=8YFLogxK
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.021
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron_str RCAAP
institution RCAAP
reponame_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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