The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2008 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/624 |
Resumo: | The use of alternative specimens in the field of toxicology was first described in 1979, where hair analysis was used to document chronic drug exposure. Since then, the use of these “alternative” samples has gained tremendous importance in forensic toxicology, as well as in clinic toxicology, doping control and workplace drug testing. It’s not surprising, therefore, that a big number of papers dealing with the determination of several classes of drugs in saliva, sweat, meconium and hair have been published ever since, which is due to the fact that chromatographic equipments are becoming more and more sensitive being mass spectrometry (and tandem mass spectrometry) the most widely used analytical tool, combined with gas or liquid chromatography. “Alternative” specimens present a number of advantages over the “traditional” samples normally used in toxicology (e.g. blood, urine and tissues), namely the fact that their collection is not invasive, their adulteration is difficult, and they may allow the increasing of the windows of detection for certain drugs. The main disadvantage of this kind of samples is that drugs are present in very low concentrations, and therefore high sensitive techniques are required to accomplish the analysis. This paper reviews a series of publications on the use of alternative specimens, with special focus on the main analytical and chromatographic problems that these samples present, as well on their advantages and disadvantages over traditional samples in documenting drug exposure. |
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The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysisUnconventional samplesChromatographyTherapeutic drug monitoringToxicological analysis.The use of alternative specimens in the field of toxicology was first described in 1979, where hair analysis was used to document chronic drug exposure. Since then, the use of these “alternative” samples has gained tremendous importance in forensic toxicology, as well as in clinic toxicology, doping control and workplace drug testing. It’s not surprising, therefore, that a big number of papers dealing with the determination of several classes of drugs in saliva, sweat, meconium and hair have been published ever since, which is due to the fact that chromatographic equipments are becoming more and more sensitive being mass spectrometry (and tandem mass spectrometry) the most widely used analytical tool, combined with gas or liquid chromatography. “Alternative” specimens present a number of advantages over the “traditional” samples normally used in toxicology (e.g. blood, urine and tissues), namely the fact that their collection is not invasive, their adulteration is difficult, and they may allow the increasing of the windows of detection for certain drugs. The main disadvantage of this kind of samples is that drugs are present in very low concentrations, and therefore high sensitive techniques are required to accomplish the analysis. This paper reviews a series of publications on the use of alternative specimens, with special focus on the main analytical and chromatographic problems that these samples present, as well on their advantages and disadvantages over traditional samples in documenting drug exposure.uBibliorumGallardo, EugeniaQueiroz, João2010-04-28T10:07:30Z20082008-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/624enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-12-15T09:35:55Zoai:ubibliorum.ubi.pt:10400.6/624Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T00:42:39.125932Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis |
title |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis |
spellingShingle |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis Gallardo, Eugenia Unconventional samples Chromatography Therapeutic drug monitoring Toxicological analysis. |
title_short |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis |
title_full |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis |
title_fullStr |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis |
title_sort |
The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis |
author |
Gallardo, Eugenia |
author_facet |
Gallardo, Eugenia Queiroz, João |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Queiroz, João |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
uBibliorum |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gallardo, Eugenia Queiroz, João |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Unconventional samples Chromatography Therapeutic drug monitoring Toxicological analysis. |
topic |
Unconventional samples Chromatography Therapeutic drug monitoring Toxicological analysis. |
description |
The use of alternative specimens in the field of toxicology was first described in 1979, where hair analysis was used to document chronic drug exposure. Since then, the use of these “alternative” samples has gained tremendous importance in forensic toxicology, as well as in clinic toxicology, doping control and workplace drug testing. It’s not surprising, therefore, that a big number of papers dealing with the determination of several classes of drugs in saliva, sweat, meconium and hair have been published ever since, which is due to the fact that chromatographic equipments are becoming more and more sensitive being mass spectrometry (and tandem mass spectrometry) the most widely used analytical tool, combined with gas or liquid chromatography. “Alternative” specimens present a number of advantages over the “traditional” samples normally used in toxicology (e.g. blood, urine and tissues), namely the fact that their collection is not invasive, their adulteration is difficult, and they may allow the increasing of the windows of detection for certain drugs. The main disadvantage of this kind of samples is that drugs are present in very low concentrations, and therefore high sensitive techniques are required to accomplish the analysis. This paper reviews a series of publications on the use of alternative specimens, with special focus on the main analytical and chromatographic problems that these samples present, as well on their advantages and disadvantages over traditional samples in documenting drug exposure. |
publishDate |
2008 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2008 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z 2010-04-28T10:07:30Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/624 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/624 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799136326875873280 |