Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10773/24057 |
Resumo: | Over the past centuries, cities have undergone through major transformations that led to global urbanization. One of the phenomena emerging from urbanization is the uncontrolled spread of cities into undeveloped areas – i.e. urban sprawl. The decrease in housing and commuting costs as well as the failure to internalize the real costs of natural land, encouraged households to move to the urban fringe – resulting in fragmented, low-density urban development patterns with multiple negative impacts associated. Awareness of this problem encouraged the identification and assessment of policies against urban sprawl, including institutional approaches, command and control instruments, and economic incentive instruments. However, institutional approaches and command and control instruments have been proved inefficient in steering urban sprawl and there are only few studies that assess the effectiveness of economic inventive instruments. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of economic incentive instruments that aim to enhance urban sustainability as well as contain urban sprawl and associated negative impacts. To this end, the Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development (SULD) model is used to assess the effectiveness of a property tax (flat and linear), a land tax (flat and linear) and a public transport subsidy (provided to low income households and to both low and middle income households). A case study is provided for the City of Aveiro in Central Portugal. Results show that a property tax leads to the contraction of the city, a land tax to no alterations and even some expansion, and a public transport subsidy to the contraction of the city. Overall, the property tax (flat 10% and linearly increasing 5%-10%) and the public transport subsidy (for low and middle income households) are the most effective instruments while, on the other hand, the land tax is the least effective instrument to control urban sprawl. |
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Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approachHedonic pricing simulation modelLand taxProperty taxPublic transport subsidyUrban sprawlOver the past centuries, cities have undergone through major transformations that led to global urbanization. One of the phenomena emerging from urbanization is the uncontrolled spread of cities into undeveloped areas – i.e. urban sprawl. The decrease in housing and commuting costs as well as the failure to internalize the real costs of natural land, encouraged households to move to the urban fringe – resulting in fragmented, low-density urban development patterns with multiple negative impacts associated. Awareness of this problem encouraged the identification and assessment of policies against urban sprawl, including institutional approaches, command and control instruments, and economic incentive instruments. However, institutional approaches and command and control instruments have been proved inefficient in steering urban sprawl and there are only few studies that assess the effectiveness of economic inventive instruments. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of economic incentive instruments that aim to enhance urban sustainability as well as contain urban sprawl and associated negative impacts. To this end, the Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development (SULD) model is used to assess the effectiveness of a property tax (flat and linear), a land tax (flat and linear) and a public transport subsidy (provided to low income households and to both low and middle income households). A case study is provided for the City of Aveiro in Central Portugal. Results show that a property tax leads to the contraction of the city, a land tax to no alterations and even some expansion, and a public transport subsidy to the contraction of the city. Overall, the property tax (flat 10% and linearly increasing 5%-10%) and the public transport subsidy (for low and middle income households) are the most effective instruments while, on the other hand, the land tax is the least effective instrument to control urban sprawl.Nos últimos séculos, as cidades sofreram grandes alterações que levaram a um processo de urbanização global. Um dos fenómenos decorrentes desta urbanização é o urban sprawl (dispersão urbana), que pode ser definido como uma expansão do tecido urbano da cidade em direção aos subúrbios. O decréscimo dos preços de habitação, dos preços de transporte e a falha em internalizar os valores reais do solo (os preços de terrenos são demasiado baixos) originou um realojamento da população para a periferia das cidades, o que resulta em padrões de urbanização fragmentados e de pouca densidade, apresentando inúmeros impactos negativos. A consciencialização para este problema levou à necessidade de identificar e avaliar políticas eficientes para conter este fenómeno, incluindo abordagens institucionais, instrumentos de comando e controlo e instrumentos económicos de incentivo. No entanto, os dois primeiros têm sido considerados insuficientes para o controlo do urban sprawl e não existem muitos estudos que avaliem a eficiência dos instrumentos económicos de incentivo. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo consiste na avaliação de diferentes instrumentos económicos de incentivo no controlo do urban sprawl. Com esse propósito, o modelo SULD (Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development) é utilizado para testar a eficiência de um imposto de propriedade (único e linear), um imposto sobre o terreno (único e linear) e um subsídio de transportes públicos (disponibilizado para residentes de baixo rendimento e a residentes de rendimento baixo e médio), que foram avaliados como ferramentas de controlo deste desenvolvimento desmesurado. A cidade de Aveiro (localizada no Centro de Portugal) é apresentada como caso de estudo. Analisando os resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que o imposto de propriedade e o subsídio de transportes públicos resultaram numa contração da cidade enquanto que o imposto sobre o terreno não obteve alterações e causou até alguma expansão. Assim sendo, o imposto de propriedade (constante aumento de 10% e linear 5%-10%) e subsídio de transportes públicos providenciado para grupos sociais de rendimentos baixos e médios demonstram ser os instrumentos mais eficientes, ao contrário da taxa sobre o terreno, que se apresenta como o instrumento menos eficiente no controlo do urban sprawl.2018-09-07T11:19:53Z2017-07-20T00:00:00Z2017-07-20info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10773/24057engMendonça, Rita Meirelesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-22T11:47:21Zoai:ria.ua.pt:10773/24057Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:57:52.568419Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach |
title |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach |
spellingShingle |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach Mendonça, Rita Meireles Hedonic pricing simulation model Land tax Property tax Public transport subsidy Urban sprawl |
title_short |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach |
title_full |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach |
title_fullStr |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach |
title_sort |
Assessing the effectiveness of economic instruments to steer urban sprawl: a hedonic pricing simulation modelling approach |
author |
Mendonça, Rita Meireles |
author_facet |
Mendonça, Rita Meireles |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Mendonça, Rita Meireles |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Hedonic pricing simulation model Land tax Property tax Public transport subsidy Urban sprawl |
topic |
Hedonic pricing simulation model Land tax Property tax Public transport subsidy Urban sprawl |
description |
Over the past centuries, cities have undergone through major transformations that led to global urbanization. One of the phenomena emerging from urbanization is the uncontrolled spread of cities into undeveloped areas – i.e. urban sprawl. The decrease in housing and commuting costs as well as the failure to internalize the real costs of natural land, encouraged households to move to the urban fringe – resulting in fragmented, low-density urban development patterns with multiple negative impacts associated. Awareness of this problem encouraged the identification and assessment of policies against urban sprawl, including institutional approaches, command and control instruments, and economic incentive instruments. However, institutional approaches and command and control instruments have been proved inefficient in steering urban sprawl and there are only few studies that assess the effectiveness of economic inventive instruments. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of economic incentive instruments that aim to enhance urban sustainability as well as contain urban sprawl and associated negative impacts. To this end, the Sustainable Urbanizing Landscape Development (SULD) model is used to assess the effectiveness of a property tax (flat and linear), a land tax (flat and linear) and a public transport subsidy (provided to low income households and to both low and middle income households). A case study is provided for the City of Aveiro in Central Portugal. Results show that a property tax leads to the contraction of the city, a land tax to no alterations and even some expansion, and a public transport subsidy to the contraction of the city. Overall, the property tax (flat 10% and linearly increasing 5%-10%) and the public transport subsidy (for low and middle income households) are the most effective instruments while, on the other hand, the land tax is the least effective instrument to control urban sprawl. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-07-20T00:00:00Z 2017-07-20 2018-09-07T11:19:53Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10773/24057 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10773/24057 |
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eng |
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eng |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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RCAAP |
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