Magnetic Bioactive Glass-Based Nanofibrous System for Bone Cancer Treatment

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, João Pedro de Carvalho
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/153501
• topic: Bone cancer treatment; magnetic hyperthermia; magnetic nanoparticles; poly(lactic acid); mesoporous bioglass; polyvinylpyrrolidone; Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Nanotecnologia

Bone cancer is not the most common type, with approximately 1% of the total number of diagnosed cancers in the bone. However, the bone is one of the most prevalent locations for metastases, which means that other cancers can often spread to the bone. Conventional treatments such as chemo and radiotherapy in- volve the destruction and removal of cancerous cells but are not targeted to them, making the destruction of healthy cells inevitable. Magnetic hyperthermia has been emerging as a potential cancer treatment option since it is a targeted process with an effective treatment. Thus, a material with the capacity to perform magnetic hyperthermia but also regenerate bone constitutes the ideal form of bone cancer treatment. The primary purpose of this work was to develop, through the electrospinning technique, a hybrid membrane composed of a stack of two different nanofibers: porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers with mesoporous bioglass (MBG). This hybrid membrane makes for the possibility of performing magnetic hyperthermia by MNPs and can also be used to induce bone regeneration thanks to the bioactivity of MBG. Initially, a study was made to optimize the production process of PLA membranes through the elec- trospinning technique by varying the solution parameters, processing parameters, and atmospheric conditions to understand which condition was better for producing this membrane. MNPs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation and coated with oleic acid (OA). PLA, PLA with MNPs, PVP with MBG, and the hybrid membranes were produced and analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, and DSC-TGA to study each membrane's structure and morphology. Magnetic hyperthermia, degradation, swelling, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity studies were also performed. These characterization techniques evaluated each membrane's heating capacity, ability to function in the body, possibility of bone regeneration, and biocompatibility. The present work demonstrated the potential of using these membranes for magnetic hyperthermia and bone regeneration, offering an alternative way of support to bone cancer treatment.