A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v0i23.11055 |
Resumo: | The impact that gender issues have in academics, territories, businesses, governments and societies is notoriously growing. This tendency can easily be understood in most active sectors. The tourism sector is no exception, as women are often underpaid, undervalued and work as part-time employees. Men, on the other hand, tend to occupy higher positions and have greater possibilities for career progression and to achieve managing positions. There are many aspects that justify these differences and cement the gender inequality scenario. By disallowing women to fully develop their potential, businesses and territories are limiting their resources and are unable to innovate and respond to the market’s demands in an efficient way. Women often face a dilemma, on which they can see a specific role but they can’t reach it due to a combination of barriers. In other words, they face glass effects that have not been totally broken in the present. Therefore, this paper aims at presenting the most common barriers for gender equality with special focus to glass effects, namely the glass ceiling, glass cliff, glass escalator and glass wall. The approach overtaken to analyze these subjects was a solid literature review, focusing on the main discussions amongst each barrier. The two main conclusions presented in this study remit to the large quantity of barriers that women face in the labour market and also to the lack of policies that protect females from discrimination. |
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A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effectsUma revisão teórica sobre as disparidades de género e glass effectsThe impact that gender issues have in academics, territories, businesses, governments and societies is notoriously growing. This tendency can easily be understood in most active sectors. The tourism sector is no exception, as women are often underpaid, undervalued and work as part-time employees. Men, on the other hand, tend to occupy higher positions and have greater possibilities for career progression and to achieve managing positions. There are many aspects that justify these differences and cement the gender inequality scenario. By disallowing women to fully develop their potential, businesses and territories are limiting their resources and are unable to innovate and respond to the market’s demands in an efficient way. Women often face a dilemma, on which they can see a specific role but they can’t reach it due to a combination of barriers. In other words, they face glass effects that have not been totally broken in the present. Therefore, this paper aims at presenting the most common barriers for gender equality with special focus to glass effects, namely the glass ceiling, glass cliff, glass escalator and glass wall. The approach overtaken to analyze these subjects was a solid literature review, focusing on the main discussions amongst each barrier. The two main conclusions presented in this study remit to the large quantity of barriers that women face in the labour market and also to the lack of policies that protect females from discrimination. O impacto que as questões de género têm na academia, territórios, empresas, governos e sociedades é notoriamente crescente. Esta tendência pode ser facilmente compreendido nos setores mais ativos. O setor do turismo não é exceção. As mulheres são muitas vezes mal pagas, estão subvalorizadas e a trabalhar a tempo parcial. Os homens, por outro lado, tendem a ocupar posições mais altas e têm maiores possibilidades de progressão na carreira e alcançar posições de gestão. Há muitos aspetos que justificam essas diferenças e cimentam o cenário de desigualdade de género. Ao não permitir que as mulheres desenvolvam plenamente o seu potencial, empresas e territórios estão a limitar os seus recursos e são incapazes de inovar e responder às exigências do mercado de forma eficiente. As mulheres muitas vezes enfrentam um dilema, podem imaginar-se numa função específica, mas não podem alcançá-la devido a uma combinação de barreiras. Por outras palavras, elas enfrentam efeitos de vidro que não foram ainda totalmente quebrados. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as barreiras mais comuns para a igualdade de género, com especial incidência para efeitos de vidro, ou seja, o teto de vidro, vidro penhasco, escada rolante de vidro e parede de vidro. A abordagem ultrapassada para analisar esses temas é uma revisão da literatura com foco nas principais discussões entre cada barreira. As duas principais conclusões apresentadas neste estudo, remetem para a grande quantidade de barreiras que as mulheres enfrentam no mercado de trabalho e também para a falta de políticas que protejam as mulheres contra a discriminação. Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo da Universidade de Aveiro2015-01-01T00:00:00Zjournal articlejournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v0i23.11055oai:proa.ua.pt:article/11055Journal of Tourism & Development; No 23 (2015); 129-142Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento; n.º 23 (2015); 129-1422182-14531645-9261reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://proa.ua.pt/index.php/rtd/article/view/11055https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v0i23.11055https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/rtd/article/view/11055/7189https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSimão, Pedro Miguel Pinto2022-09-26T10:56:49Zoai:proa.ua.pt:article/11055Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:05:34.132536Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects Uma revisão teórica sobre as disparidades de género e glass effects |
title |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects |
spellingShingle |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects Simão, Pedro Miguel Pinto |
title_short |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects |
title_full |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects |
title_fullStr |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects |
title_full_unstemmed |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects |
title_sort |
A theoretical review on gender disparities and glass effects |
author |
Simão, Pedro Miguel Pinto |
author_facet |
Simão, Pedro Miguel Pinto |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Simão, Pedro Miguel Pinto |
description |
The impact that gender issues have in academics, territories, businesses, governments and societies is notoriously growing. This tendency can easily be understood in most active sectors. The tourism sector is no exception, as women are often underpaid, undervalued and work as part-time employees. Men, on the other hand, tend to occupy higher positions and have greater possibilities for career progression and to achieve managing positions. There are many aspects that justify these differences and cement the gender inequality scenario. By disallowing women to fully develop their potential, businesses and territories are limiting their resources and are unable to innovate and respond to the market’s demands in an efficient way. Women often face a dilemma, on which they can see a specific role but they can’t reach it due to a combination of barriers. In other words, they face glass effects that have not been totally broken in the present. Therefore, this paper aims at presenting the most common barriers for gender equality with special focus to glass effects, namely the glass ceiling, glass cliff, glass escalator and glass wall. The approach overtaken to analyze these subjects was a solid literature review, focusing on the main discussions amongst each barrier. The two main conclusions presented in this study remit to the large quantity of barriers that women face in the labour market and also to the lack of policies that protect females from discrimination. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
journal article journal article info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v0i23.11055 oai:proa.ua.pt:article/11055 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v0i23.11055 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:proa.ua.pt:article/11055 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/rtd/article/view/11055 https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v0i23.11055 https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/rtd/article/view/11055/7189 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo da Universidade de Aveiro |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Departamento de Economia, Gestão, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo da Universidade de Aveiro |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Tourism & Development; No 23 (2015); 129-142 Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento; n.º 23 (2015); 129-142 2182-1453 1645-9261 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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