Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Vieira, Maria João
Data de Publicação: 2019
Outros Autores: Guimarães, Sandra Viegas, Costa, Patrício, Silva, Eduardo
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623
Resumo: Introduction: Amblyopia requires a timely diagnosis and treatment to attain maximum vision recovery. Specialty literature is lacking on how early amblyopia is referred. We aimed to understand if there are mean age differences at first referral for ophthalmologic tertiary center consultation among non-amblyopic and different types of amblyopia, in a context of lack of population screening.Material and Methods: In this retrospective model, the sample corresponded to all children born in Braga Hospital during 1997 - 2012 (3 - 18 years-old), with an ophthalmologic consultation in 2014. Data was collected from the clinical records and children were divided in a non-amblyopic versus amblyopic group. The amblyopic group was subdivided in strabismic versus refractive (anisometropic/bilateral).Results: The sample had a total of 1665 participants, 1369 (82.2%) without amblyopia and 296 (17.8%) with amblyopia. Among amblyopia: 67.9% (n = 201) refractive, 32.1% (n = 95) strabismic. Within refractive amblyopia: 63.7% (n = 128) anisometropic and 36.3% (n = 73) bilateral. The mean age at first consultation was 6.24 ± 3.90 years-old: 6.39 ± 3.98 for non-amblyopic and 5.76 ± 3.58 for amblyopic. Among amblyopia subgroups, there were significant differences in mean age at first consultation (F3,1250 = 8.45; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.020). Strabismic and bilateral refractive amblyopia were referred earlier, when compared to non-amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia (p < 0.05). Anisometropic amblyopia had the highest first consultation mean age: 6.92 ± 3.57 years-old.Discussion: Without specific pre-school screening, children with amblyopia were referred to their first ophthalmologic evaluation significantly later than desired, especially anisometropic amblyopia, with a postschool mean age for first consultation.Conclusion: Recognizing high-risk children is essential for earlier referral and helps minimize future visual handicap.
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spelling Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia SubtypesReferenciação Tardia da Ambliopia Anisometrópica: Estudo Retrospetivo dos Diferentes Subtipos de AmbliopiaAmblyopia/epidemiologyAnisometropia/epidemiologyAmbliopia/epidemiologiaAnisometropia/epidemiologiaIntroduction: Amblyopia requires a timely diagnosis and treatment to attain maximum vision recovery. Specialty literature is lacking on how early amblyopia is referred. We aimed to understand if there are mean age differences at first referral for ophthalmologic tertiary center consultation among non-amblyopic and different types of amblyopia, in a context of lack of population screening.Material and Methods: In this retrospective model, the sample corresponded to all children born in Braga Hospital during 1997 - 2012 (3 - 18 years-old), with an ophthalmologic consultation in 2014. Data was collected from the clinical records and children were divided in a non-amblyopic versus amblyopic group. The amblyopic group was subdivided in strabismic versus refractive (anisometropic/bilateral).Results: The sample had a total of 1665 participants, 1369 (82.2%) without amblyopia and 296 (17.8%) with amblyopia. Among amblyopia: 67.9% (n = 201) refractive, 32.1% (n = 95) strabismic. Within refractive amblyopia: 63.7% (n = 128) anisometropic and 36.3% (n = 73) bilateral. The mean age at first consultation was 6.24 ± 3.90 years-old: 6.39 ± 3.98 for non-amblyopic and 5.76 ± 3.58 for amblyopic. Among amblyopia subgroups, there were significant differences in mean age at first consultation (F3,1250 = 8.45; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.020). Strabismic and bilateral refractive amblyopia were referred earlier, when compared to non-amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia (p < 0.05). Anisometropic amblyopia had the highest first consultation mean age: 6.92 ± 3.57 years-old.Discussion: Without specific pre-school screening, children with amblyopia were referred to their first ophthalmologic evaluation significantly later than desired, especially anisometropic amblyopia, with a postschool mean age for first consultation.Conclusion: Recognizing high-risk children is essential for earlier referral and helps minimize future visual handicap.Introdução: A ambliopia requer uma abordagem atempada para uma máxima recuperação visual. Não existe informação sobre a idade de referenciação da ambliopia. O presente artigo pretende perceber se há diferenças na idade média de referenciação para consulta terciária de Oftalmologia, entre não-amblíopes e amblíopes, num contexto sem rastreio implementado.Material e Métodos: A amostra correspondeu a todas as crianças nascidas no Hospital de Braga entre 1997 - 2012 (3 - 18 anos de idade), com consulta de Oftalmologia em 2014. A informação foi recolhida pelos registos clínicos, tendo sido criado o grupo nãoamblíope e amblíope, dividido em estrábico e refrativo (anisometrópico/bilateral).Resultados: A amostra contemplou 1665 participantes, 1369 (82,2%) não-amblíopes e 296 (17,8%) amblíopes. Dentro das ambliopias: 67,9% (n = 201) refrativas e 32,1% (n = 95) estrábicas. Nas ambliopias refrativas: 63,7% (n = 128) anisometrópicas e 36,3% (n = 73) bilaterais. A média de idades na primeira consulta foi de 6,24 ± 3,90 anos, 6,39 ± 3,98 nos não-amblíopes e 5,76 ± 3,58 nos amblíopes. Dentro dos subgrupos de ambliopia, existiram diferenças significativas na idade na primeira consulta (F3,1250 = 8,45; p < 0,001; η2 = 0,020). As ambliopias estrábicas e as refrativas bilaterais foram referenciadas mais cedo, quando comparadas com não-amblíopes ou ambliopias anisometrópicas (p < 0,05). A ambliopia anisometrópica teve a maior média de idade na primeira consulta: 6,92 ± 3,57 anos de idade.Discussão: Sem um rastreio pré-escolar específico, os amblíopes foram referenciados para a primeira observação oftalmológica significativamente mais tarde do que o desejado, especialmente a ambliopia anisometrópica, com uma idade pós-escolar de média para a primeira avaliação oftalmológica.Conclusão: Identificar crianças de alto risco é essencial para uma referenciação precoce, ajudando a minimizar consequências visuais.Ordem dos Médicos2019-03-29info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/mswordapplication/pdfhttps://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623oai:ojs.www.actamedicaportuguesa.com:article/10623Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): March; 179-182Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 32 N.º 3 (2019): Março; 179-1821646-07580870-399Xreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623/5636https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623/10274https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623/10275https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623/10820https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623/10839Direitos de Autor (c) 2019 Acta Médica Portuguesainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessVieira, Maria JoãoGuimarães, Sandra ViegasCosta, PatrícioSilva, Eduardo2022-12-20T11:06:02Zoai:ojs.www.actamedicaportuguesa.com:article/10623Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:19:54.885318Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
Referenciação Tardia da Ambliopia Anisometrópica: Estudo Retrospetivo dos Diferentes Subtipos de Ambliopia
title Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
spellingShingle Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
Vieira, Maria João
Amblyopia/epidemiology
Anisometropia/epidemiology
Ambliopia/epidemiologia
Anisometropia/epidemiologia
title_short Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
title_full Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
title_fullStr Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
title_full_unstemmed Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
title_sort Late Ophthalmologic Referral of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of Different Amblyopia Subtypes
author Vieira, Maria João
author_facet Vieira, Maria João
Guimarães, Sandra Viegas
Costa, Patrício
Silva, Eduardo
author_role author
author2 Guimarães, Sandra Viegas
Costa, Patrício
Silva, Eduardo
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Vieira, Maria João
Guimarães, Sandra Viegas
Costa, Patrício
Silva, Eduardo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Amblyopia/epidemiology
Anisometropia/epidemiology
Ambliopia/epidemiologia
Anisometropia/epidemiologia
topic Amblyopia/epidemiology
Anisometropia/epidemiology
Ambliopia/epidemiologia
Anisometropia/epidemiologia
description Introduction: Amblyopia requires a timely diagnosis and treatment to attain maximum vision recovery. Specialty literature is lacking on how early amblyopia is referred. We aimed to understand if there are mean age differences at first referral for ophthalmologic tertiary center consultation among non-amblyopic and different types of amblyopia, in a context of lack of population screening.Material and Methods: In this retrospective model, the sample corresponded to all children born in Braga Hospital during 1997 - 2012 (3 - 18 years-old), with an ophthalmologic consultation in 2014. Data was collected from the clinical records and children were divided in a non-amblyopic versus amblyopic group. The amblyopic group was subdivided in strabismic versus refractive (anisometropic/bilateral).Results: The sample had a total of 1665 participants, 1369 (82.2%) without amblyopia and 296 (17.8%) with amblyopia. Among amblyopia: 67.9% (n = 201) refractive, 32.1% (n = 95) strabismic. Within refractive amblyopia: 63.7% (n = 128) anisometropic and 36.3% (n = 73) bilateral. The mean age at first consultation was 6.24 ± 3.90 years-old: 6.39 ± 3.98 for non-amblyopic and 5.76 ± 3.58 for amblyopic. Among amblyopia subgroups, there were significant differences in mean age at first consultation (F3,1250 = 8.45; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.020). Strabismic and bilateral refractive amblyopia were referred earlier, when compared to non-amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia (p < 0.05). Anisometropic amblyopia had the highest first consultation mean age: 6.92 ± 3.57 years-old.Discussion: Without specific pre-school screening, children with amblyopia were referred to their first ophthalmologic evaluation significantly later than desired, especially anisometropic amblyopia, with a postschool mean age for first consultation.Conclusion: Recognizing high-risk children is essential for earlier referral and helps minimize future visual handicap.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019-03-29
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https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/10623/10274
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Ordem dos Médicos
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Ordem dos Médicos
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): March; 179-182
Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 32 N.º 3 (2019): Março; 179-182
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