The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3158 |
Resumo: | Over the past two decades, humanitarian conduct has been drifting away from the classical paradigm. This drift is caused by the blurring of boundaries between development aid and humanitarianism and the increasing reliance on digital technologies and data. New humanitarianism, especially in the form of disaster risk reduction, involved government authorities in plans to strengthen their capacity to deal with disasters. Digital humanitarianism now enrolls remote data analytics: GIS capacity, local data and information management experts, and digital volunteers. It harnesses the power of artificial intelligence to strengthen humanitarian agencies and governments’ capacity to anticipate and cope better with crises. In this article, we first trace how the meaning of accountability changed from classical to new and finally to digital humanitarianism. We then describe a recent empirical case of anticipatory humanitarian action in the Philippines. The Red Cross Red Crescent movement designed an artificial intelligence algorithm to trigger the release of funds typically used for humanitarian response in advance of an impending typhoon to start up early actions to mitigate its potential impact. We highlight emerging actors and fora in the accountability relationship of anticipatory humanitarian action as well as the consequences arising from actors’ (mis)conduct. Finally, we reflect on the implications of this new form of algorithmic accountability for classical humanitarianism. |
id |
RCAP_7235324c0866c35ddeaa42c5f2c76939 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/3158 |
network_acronym_str |
RCAP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository_id_str |
7160 |
spelling |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Actionalgorithm; big data; disaster risk governance; humanitarianism; machine learning; Philippines; politics of disaster; public accountability; predictive analyticsOver the past two decades, humanitarian conduct has been drifting away from the classical paradigm. This drift is caused by the blurring of boundaries between development aid and humanitarianism and the increasing reliance on digital technologies and data. New humanitarianism, especially in the form of disaster risk reduction, involved government authorities in plans to strengthen their capacity to deal with disasters. Digital humanitarianism now enrolls remote data analytics: GIS capacity, local data and information management experts, and digital volunteers. It harnesses the power of artificial intelligence to strengthen humanitarian agencies and governments’ capacity to anticipate and cope better with crises. In this article, we first trace how the meaning of accountability changed from classical to new and finally to digital humanitarianism. We then describe a recent empirical case of anticipatory humanitarian action in the Philippines. The Red Cross Red Crescent movement designed an artificial intelligence algorithm to trigger the release of funds typically used for humanitarian response in advance of an impending typhoon to start up early actions to mitigate its potential impact. We highlight emerging actors and fora in the accountability relationship of anticipatory humanitarian action as well as the consequences arising from actors’ (mis)conduct. Finally, we reflect on the implications of this new form of algorithmic accountability for classical humanitarianism.Cogitatio2020-12-10info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3158oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/3158Politics and Governance; Vol 8, No 4 (2020): The Politics of Disaster Governance; 456-4672183-2463reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3158https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3158https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3158/3158Copyright (c) 2020 Marc J. C. van den Homberg, Caroline M. Gevaert, Yola Georgiadouhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessvan den Homberg, Marc J. C.Gevaert, Caroline M.Georgiadou, Yola2022-12-22T15:16:47Zoai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/3158Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:22:28.886107Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action |
title |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action |
spellingShingle |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action van den Homberg, Marc J. C. algorithm; big data; disaster risk governance; humanitarianism; machine learning; Philippines; politics of disaster; public accountability; predictive analytics |
title_short |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action |
title_full |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action |
title_fullStr |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action |
title_sort |
The Changing Face of Accountability in Humanitarianism: Using Artificial Intelligence for Anticipatory Action |
author |
van den Homberg, Marc J. C. |
author_facet |
van den Homberg, Marc J. C. Gevaert, Caroline M. Georgiadou, Yola |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Gevaert, Caroline M. Georgiadou, Yola |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
van den Homberg, Marc J. C. Gevaert, Caroline M. Georgiadou, Yola |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
algorithm; big data; disaster risk governance; humanitarianism; machine learning; Philippines; politics of disaster; public accountability; predictive analytics |
topic |
algorithm; big data; disaster risk governance; humanitarianism; machine learning; Philippines; politics of disaster; public accountability; predictive analytics |
description |
Over the past two decades, humanitarian conduct has been drifting away from the classical paradigm. This drift is caused by the blurring of boundaries between development aid and humanitarianism and the increasing reliance on digital technologies and data. New humanitarianism, especially in the form of disaster risk reduction, involved government authorities in plans to strengthen their capacity to deal with disasters. Digital humanitarianism now enrolls remote data analytics: GIS capacity, local data and information management experts, and digital volunteers. It harnesses the power of artificial intelligence to strengthen humanitarian agencies and governments’ capacity to anticipate and cope better with crises. In this article, we first trace how the meaning of accountability changed from classical to new and finally to digital humanitarianism. We then describe a recent empirical case of anticipatory humanitarian action in the Philippines. The Red Cross Red Crescent movement designed an artificial intelligence algorithm to trigger the release of funds typically used for humanitarian response in advance of an impending typhoon to start up early actions to mitigate its potential impact. We highlight emerging actors and fora in the accountability relationship of anticipatory humanitarian action as well as the consequences arising from actors’ (mis)conduct. Finally, we reflect on the implications of this new form of algorithmic accountability for classical humanitarianism. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-10 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3158 oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/3158 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3158 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/3158 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3158 https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i4.3158 https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/3158/3158 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2020 Marc J. C. van den Homberg, Caroline M. Gevaert, Yola Georgiadou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2020 Marc J. C. van den Homberg, Caroline M. Gevaert, Yola Georgiadou http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Politics and Governance; Vol 8, No 4 (2020): The Politics of Disaster Governance; 456-467 2183-2463 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799130670363049984 |