A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/1822/47149 |
Resumo: | We investigated the effect of the feeding formulation (premixed powders of pure components versus solvent-blended mixture) of polystyrene−C60 composites on the dispersion and reagglomeration phenomena developing along the barrel of a twinscrew extruder. The dispersion of C60 in the PS matrix is studied over different length scales using a combination of optical microscopy, spinecho small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wideangle X-ray scattering (WAXS). When a solvent-blended mixture is used as the feeding formulation, the inlet material contains essentially molecularly dispersed C60 as revealed by the nanodomains with very small phase contrast. However, C60 reagglomeration occurs along the extruder, creating a morphology still containing only nanodomains but with much higher phase contrast. In the case of mixed powders, the material evolves from the initial macroscopic mixture of pure polystyrene and C60 into a composite simultaneously containing micro- and nanoaggregates of C60 as well as C60 molecularly dispersed in the matrix. Our results show that the two different initial feeding formulations with widely different initial morphologies converge along the extruder, through opposite morphological pathways, into a similar final nanomorphology which is dictated by the interplay between the thermodynamics of the system and the flow. Correlations between the morphological evolution along the extruder and the thermorheological properties of the composites are identified |
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A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphologyScience & TechnologyWe investigated the effect of the feeding formulation (premixed powders of pure components versus solvent-blended mixture) of polystyrene−C60 composites on the dispersion and reagglomeration phenomena developing along the barrel of a twinscrew extruder. The dispersion of C60 in the PS matrix is studied over different length scales using a combination of optical microscopy, spinecho small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wideangle X-ray scattering (WAXS). When a solvent-blended mixture is used as the feeding formulation, the inlet material contains essentially molecularly dispersed C60 as revealed by the nanodomains with very small phase contrast. However, C60 reagglomeration occurs along the extruder, creating a morphology still containing only nanodomains but with much higher phase contrast. In the case of mixed powders, the material evolves from the initial macroscopic mixture of pure polystyrene and C60 into a composite simultaneously containing micro- and nanoaggregates of C60 as well as C60 molecularly dispersed in the matrix. Our results show that the two different initial feeding formulations with widely different initial morphologies converge along the extruder, through opposite morphological pathways, into a similar final nanomorphology which is dictated by the interplay between the thermodynamics of the system and the flow. Correlations between the morphological evolution along the extruder and the thermorheological properties of the composites are identifiedNSF Award DMR-0520547This work was funded by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Program and National Funds through FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the Project UID/CTM/50025/2013. Funding from FEDER through the program COMPETE (Project EXPL/CTMPOL/0933/2012) is also acknowledged. SANS data were collected during beam time provided through the user program at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, operated by the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council. We thank Chris Duif (TU Delft) for assistance with the SESANS measurements. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF Award DMR-0520547.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAmerican Chemical SocietyUniversidade do MinhoGaspar, HugoTeixeira, PauloSantos, RaquelFernandes, LilianaHilliou, L.Weir, Michael P.Parnell, Andrew J.Abrams, Kerry J.Hill, Christopher J.Bouwman, Wim G.Parnell, Steven R.King, Stephen M.Clarke, NigelCovas, J. A.Bernardo, Gabriel20172017-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/1822/47149eng0024-92971520-583510.1021/acs.macromol.6b02283info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-21T12:24:15Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/47149Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:18:14.197821Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology |
title |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology |
spellingShingle |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology Gaspar, Hugo Science & Technology |
title_short |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology |
title_full |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology |
title_fullStr |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology |
title_full_unstemmed |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology |
title_sort |
A journey along the extruder with polystyrene:C60 nanocomposites: convergence of feeding formulations into a similar nanomorphology |
author |
Gaspar, Hugo |
author_facet |
Gaspar, Hugo Teixeira, Paulo Santos, Raquel Fernandes, Liliana Hilliou, L. Weir, Michael P. Parnell, Andrew J. Abrams, Kerry J. Hill, Christopher J. Bouwman, Wim G. Parnell, Steven R. King, Stephen M. Clarke, Nigel Covas, J. A. Bernardo, Gabriel |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Teixeira, Paulo Santos, Raquel Fernandes, Liliana Hilliou, L. Weir, Michael P. Parnell, Andrew J. Abrams, Kerry J. Hill, Christopher J. Bouwman, Wim G. Parnell, Steven R. King, Stephen M. Clarke, Nigel Covas, J. A. Bernardo, Gabriel |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Gaspar, Hugo Teixeira, Paulo Santos, Raquel Fernandes, Liliana Hilliou, L. Weir, Michael P. Parnell, Andrew J. Abrams, Kerry J. Hill, Christopher J. Bouwman, Wim G. Parnell, Steven R. King, Stephen M. Clarke, Nigel Covas, J. A. Bernardo, Gabriel |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Science & Technology |
topic |
Science & Technology |
description |
We investigated the effect of the feeding formulation (premixed powders of pure components versus solvent-blended mixture) of polystyrene−C60 composites on the dispersion and reagglomeration phenomena developing along the barrel of a twinscrew extruder. The dispersion of C60 in the PS matrix is studied over different length scales using a combination of optical microscopy, spinecho small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wideangle X-ray scattering (WAXS). When a solvent-blended mixture is used as the feeding formulation, the inlet material contains essentially molecularly dispersed C60 as revealed by the nanodomains with very small phase contrast. However, C60 reagglomeration occurs along the extruder, creating a morphology still containing only nanodomains but with much higher phase contrast. In the case of mixed powders, the material evolves from the initial macroscopic mixture of pure polystyrene and C60 into a composite simultaneously containing micro- and nanoaggregates of C60 as well as C60 molecularly dispersed in the matrix. Our results show that the two different initial feeding formulations with widely different initial morphologies converge along the extruder, through opposite morphological pathways, into a similar final nanomorphology which is dictated by the interplay between the thermodynamics of the system and the flow. Correlations between the morphological evolution along the extruder and the thermorheological properties of the composites are identified |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/47149 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/47149 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
0024-9297 1520-5835 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02283 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
American Chemical Society |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
American Chemical Society |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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