Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031 |
Resumo: | Introduction: International evidence has unveiled the existence of social inequalities in the risk of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In Portugal, the impossibility to identify the socioeconomic condition of deceased people hinders this evaluation. This study analyzes the social inequalities in the risk factors of COVID-19 mortality in Portugal.Material and Methods: We used data from the sixth National Health Survey, carried out between September 2019 and December 2019, for the subgroup of people aged between 25 and 79 years old (n = 12 052). We considered the comorbidities with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality: asthma, chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal disease (CRD), and obesity. The inequality, stratified by sex, was measured in terms of education and income, using logistic regression (odds ratios and relative index of inequality).Results: Compared to men with the lowest level of formal education, we measured a risk reduction, among men with tertiary education, of CVD (-90%), chronic bronchitis (-75%), stroke (-70%), diabetes (-62%), hypertension (-41%), and obesity (-43%). Among tertiaryeducated women, we observed a reduced risk of CRD (-77%), hypertension, diabetes, stroke (-70%), obesity (-64%), and CVD (-55%). Except for obesity among men, the risk of disease was always significantly lower in the highest income quintile, compared with the lowest.Conclusion: In 2019, we observed socioeconomic inequalities of high magnitude for the eight diseases with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality. |
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Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 MortalityPandemia Sindémica em Portugal: Desigualdade Social nos Fatores de Risco Associados à Mortalidade por COVID-19COVID-19Healthcare DisparitiesMortalityPortugalSARS-CoV-2Socioeconomic FactorsCOVID-19Disparidades em Assistência à SaúdeFactores SocioeconómicosMortalidadePortugalSARS-CoV-19Introduction: International evidence has unveiled the existence of social inequalities in the risk of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In Portugal, the impossibility to identify the socioeconomic condition of deceased people hinders this evaluation. This study analyzes the social inequalities in the risk factors of COVID-19 mortality in Portugal.Material and Methods: We used data from the sixth National Health Survey, carried out between September 2019 and December 2019, for the subgroup of people aged between 25 and 79 years old (n = 12 052). We considered the comorbidities with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality: asthma, chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal disease (CRD), and obesity. The inequality, stratified by sex, was measured in terms of education and income, using logistic regression (odds ratios and relative index of inequality).Results: Compared to men with the lowest level of formal education, we measured a risk reduction, among men with tertiary education, of CVD (-90%), chronic bronchitis (-75%), stroke (-70%), diabetes (-62%), hypertension (-41%), and obesity (-43%). Among tertiaryeducated women, we observed a reduced risk of CRD (-77%), hypertension, diabetes, stroke (-70%), obesity (-64%), and CVD (-55%). Except for obesity among men, the risk of disease was always significantly lower in the highest income quintile, compared with the lowest.Conclusion: In 2019, we observed socioeconomic inequalities of high magnitude for the eight diseases with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality.Introdução: A evidência internacional tem demonstrado desigualdades sociais no risco de morte por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Em Portugal, a impossibilidade de identificar a condição socioeconómica dos indivíduos falecidos impede esta medição. Este estudo analisa as desigualdades sociais nos fatores de risco de morte por COVID-19 em Portugal.Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados dados do sexto Inquérito Nacional de Saúde, conduzido entre setembro e dezembro de 2019, para pessoas entre 25 e 79 anos (n = 12 052). Foram consideradas as morbilidades com ligação demonstrada à morte por COVID-19: asma, bronquite crónica, doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e cerebrovasculares (AVC), diabetes, hipertensão, doença renal crónica (DRC) e obesidade. A desigualdade, estratificada por sexo, foi medida em termos de educação e rendimento, através de regressões logísticas (odds ratios e índice relativo de desigualdade).Resultados: Em comparação com os homens com o nível de educação mais baixo, foi medido um risco inferior, para os homens com educação terciária, de DCV (-90%), bronquite crónica (-75%), AVC (-70%), diabetes (-62%), hipertensão (-41%) e obesidade (-43%). Nas mulheres com educação terciária, foi observada uma redução de risco de DRC (-77%), hipertensão, diabetes e AVC (-70%), obesidade (-64%) e DCV (-55%). Exceto no caso da obesidade nos homens, o risco de doença foi sempre estatisticamente inferior no quinto quintil de rendimento, comparado com o primeiro.Conclusão: Existiam, em 2019, desigualdades socioeconómicas de grande magnitude para oito doenças cuja ligação à mortalidade por COVID-19 foi amplamente identificada.Ordem dos Médicos2022-06-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 35 No. 6 (2022): June; 443-449Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 35 N.º 6 (2022): Junho; 443-4491646-07580870-399Xreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPporenghttps://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031/6635https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031/15219Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Acta Médica Portuguesa - Ordem dos Médicosinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPerelman, Julian2023-07-30T03:01:41Zoai:ojs.www.actamedicaportuguesa.com:article/16031Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:20:44.726811Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality Pandemia Sindémica em Portugal: Desigualdade Social nos Fatores de Risco Associados à Mortalidade por COVID-19 |
title |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality |
spellingShingle |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality Perelman, Julian COVID-19 Healthcare Disparities Mortality Portugal SARS-CoV-2 Socioeconomic Factors COVID-19 Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde Factores Socioeconómicos Mortalidade Portugal SARS-CoV-19 |
title_short |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality |
title_full |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality |
title_fullStr |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality |
title_sort |
Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality |
author |
Perelman, Julian |
author_facet |
Perelman, Julian |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Perelman, Julian |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
COVID-19 Healthcare Disparities Mortality Portugal SARS-CoV-2 Socioeconomic Factors COVID-19 Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde Factores Socioeconómicos Mortalidade Portugal SARS-CoV-19 |
topic |
COVID-19 Healthcare Disparities Mortality Portugal SARS-CoV-2 Socioeconomic Factors COVID-19 Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde Factores Socioeconómicos Mortalidade Portugal SARS-CoV-19 |
description |
Introduction: International evidence has unveiled the existence of social inequalities in the risk of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In Portugal, the impossibility to identify the socioeconomic condition of deceased people hinders this evaluation. This study analyzes the social inequalities in the risk factors of COVID-19 mortality in Portugal.Material and Methods: We used data from the sixth National Health Survey, carried out between September 2019 and December 2019, for the subgroup of people aged between 25 and 79 years old (n = 12 052). We considered the comorbidities with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality: asthma, chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal disease (CRD), and obesity. The inequality, stratified by sex, was measured in terms of education and income, using logistic regression (odds ratios and relative index of inequality).Results: Compared to men with the lowest level of formal education, we measured a risk reduction, among men with tertiary education, of CVD (-90%), chronic bronchitis (-75%), stroke (-70%), diabetes (-62%), hypertension (-41%), and obesity (-43%). Among tertiaryeducated women, we observed a reduced risk of CRD (-77%), hypertension, diabetes, stroke (-70%), obesity (-64%), and CVD (-55%). Except for obesity among men, the risk of disease was always significantly lower in the highest income quintile, compared with the lowest.Conclusion: In 2019, we observed socioeconomic inequalities of high magnitude for the eight diseases with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-06-01 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031 |
url |
https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por eng |
language |
por eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031 https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031/6635 https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/16031/15219 |
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Acta Médica Portuguesa - Ordem dos Médicos info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Acta Médica Portuguesa - Ordem dos Médicos |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Ordem dos Médicos |
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Ordem dos Médicos |
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Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 35 No. 6 (2022): June; 443-449 Acta Médica Portuguesa; Vol. 35 N.º 6 (2022): Junho; 443-449 1646-0758 0870-399X reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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