A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://hdl.handle.net/1822/85713 |
Resumo: | Wildfires can cause serious imbalances in ecosystems, primarily at the soil level, making it vulnerable to degradation processes such as erosion. During and after a fire, changes occur in soil properties, including pH, which affects the solubility and availability of nutrients. Currently, there is a great diversity of protocols, some involving normalized standards, to determine soil pH, but there is no consensual or universal analytical method for this parameter, especially in burned soils, in which mineral and organic fractions could have been modified. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to evaluate the effect that variations in these analytical protocols may have on pH results. For this, five methods commonly found in the international bibliography for the analysis of pH of soil in water (pH<sub>H2O</sub>) were selected and compared to propose the most precise procedure. The analytical methods were applied to 43 soil samples, collected in a plot subjected to prescribed burning in the Parque Natural de Montesinho (Northern Portugal). The studied methods differ in the following protocol items: water suspension ratio (1:2.5 or 1:5), mechanical stirring time in the suspension (10 min or 1 h), and in the resting time for the solid particles to settle (15 min or 8 h). The obtained results point to the suitability of the five methods used for soil pH analysis, indicating that there are no statistically significant differences. However, results also allow suggesting a more appropriate method concerning practical reasons, such as labor in a lab. Thus, to make the analysis process more profitable, M2 is a good option because it uses a small amount of sample (5 g), short agitation (10 min) and settling time (15 min). In turn, M1 and M5, which use a lower proportion of soil (1:2.5) show lower pH variation in the measurements. This fact may be explained by a smaller dilution effect. Considering that these two methods differ in the settling time, it is suggested to apply M1, because only 15 min are required. Therefore, the main conclusion reached with this work is that the measurement of soil pH using M1, i.e., a soil:water ratio of 1:2.5, with agitation of 10 min and settling time of 15 min, is a robust and more expeditious protocol to be applied to soil samples after a fire. |
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A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern PortugalpHAnalytical protocolsForest firesBurned soilANOVACost-effective methodWildfires can cause serious imbalances in ecosystems, primarily at the soil level, making it vulnerable to degradation processes such as erosion. During and after a fire, changes occur in soil properties, including pH, which affects the solubility and availability of nutrients. Currently, there is a great diversity of protocols, some involving normalized standards, to determine soil pH, but there is no consensual or universal analytical method for this parameter, especially in burned soils, in which mineral and organic fractions could have been modified. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to evaluate the effect that variations in these analytical protocols may have on pH results. For this, five methods commonly found in the international bibliography for the analysis of pH of soil in water (pH<sub>H2O</sub>) were selected and compared to propose the most precise procedure. The analytical methods were applied to 43 soil samples, collected in a plot subjected to prescribed burning in the Parque Natural de Montesinho (Northern Portugal). The studied methods differ in the following protocol items: water suspension ratio (1:2.5 or 1:5), mechanical stirring time in the suspension (10 min or 1 h), and in the resting time for the solid particles to settle (15 min or 8 h). The obtained results point to the suitability of the five methods used for soil pH analysis, indicating that there are no statistically significant differences. However, results also allow suggesting a more appropriate method concerning practical reasons, such as labor in a lab. Thus, to make the analysis process more profitable, M2 is a good option because it uses a small amount of sample (5 g), short agitation (10 min) and settling time (15 min). In turn, M1 and M5, which use a lower proportion of soil (1:2.5) show lower pH variation in the measurements. This fact may be explained by a smaller dilution effect. Considering that these two methods differ in the settling time, it is suggested to apply M1, because only 15 min are required. Therefore, the main conclusion reached with this work is that the measurement of soil pH using M1, i.e., a soil:water ratio of 1:2.5, with agitation of 10 min and settling time of 15 min, is a robust and more expeditious protocol to be applied to soil samples after a fire.This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal program (POCTEC) 2014–2020 (Project 0701_TERRAMATER_1_E). This work was also co-funded by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) through projects UIDB/04683/2020, UIDP/04683/2020 (ICT); and by national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020), and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020).Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Universidade do MinhoFaria, MariaBertocco, TamiresBarroso, AnaCarvalho, ManuelaFonseca, FeliciaDelerue Matos, CristinaFigueiredo, TomásSequeira Braga, AmáliaValente, Teresa Maria FernandesJiménez-Ballesta, Raimundo2023-06-062023-06-06T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/1822/85713engFaria, M.; Bertocco, T.; Barroso, A.; Carvalho, M.; Fonseca, F.; Delerue Matos, C.; Figueiredo, T.; Sequeira Braga, A.; Valente, T.; Jiménez-Ballesta, R. A Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Soil pH: Case Study on Burned Soils in Northern Portugal. Fire 2023, 6, 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire60602272571-625510.3390/fire6060227227https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/6/6/227info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-29T01:20:17Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/85713Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T20:10:01.722757Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal |
title |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal |
spellingShingle |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal Faria, Maria pH Analytical protocols Forest fires Burned soil ANOVA Cost-effective method |
title_short |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal |
title_full |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal |
title_fullStr |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal |
title_full_unstemmed |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal |
title_sort |
A comparison of analytical methods for the determination of soil pH: case study on burned soils in Northern Portugal |
author |
Faria, Maria |
author_facet |
Faria, Maria Bertocco, Tamires Barroso, Ana Carvalho, Manuela Fonseca, Felicia Delerue Matos, Cristina Figueiredo, Tomás Sequeira Braga, Amália Valente, Teresa Maria Fernandes Jiménez-Ballesta, Raimundo |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Bertocco, Tamires Barroso, Ana Carvalho, Manuela Fonseca, Felicia Delerue Matos, Cristina Figueiredo, Tomás Sequeira Braga, Amália Valente, Teresa Maria Fernandes Jiménez-Ballesta, Raimundo |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Faria, Maria Bertocco, Tamires Barroso, Ana Carvalho, Manuela Fonseca, Felicia Delerue Matos, Cristina Figueiredo, Tomás Sequeira Braga, Amália Valente, Teresa Maria Fernandes Jiménez-Ballesta, Raimundo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
pH Analytical protocols Forest fires Burned soil ANOVA Cost-effective method |
topic |
pH Analytical protocols Forest fires Burned soil ANOVA Cost-effective method |
description |
Wildfires can cause serious imbalances in ecosystems, primarily at the soil level, making it vulnerable to degradation processes such as erosion. During and after a fire, changes occur in soil properties, including pH, which affects the solubility and availability of nutrients. Currently, there is a great diversity of protocols, some involving normalized standards, to determine soil pH, but there is no consensual or universal analytical method for this parameter, especially in burned soils, in which mineral and organic fractions could have been modified. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to evaluate the effect that variations in these analytical protocols may have on pH results. For this, five methods commonly found in the international bibliography for the analysis of pH of soil in water (pH<sub>H2O</sub>) were selected and compared to propose the most precise procedure. The analytical methods were applied to 43 soil samples, collected in a plot subjected to prescribed burning in the Parque Natural de Montesinho (Northern Portugal). The studied methods differ in the following protocol items: water suspension ratio (1:2.5 or 1:5), mechanical stirring time in the suspension (10 min or 1 h), and in the resting time for the solid particles to settle (15 min or 8 h). The obtained results point to the suitability of the five methods used for soil pH analysis, indicating that there are no statistically significant differences. However, results also allow suggesting a more appropriate method concerning practical reasons, such as labor in a lab. Thus, to make the analysis process more profitable, M2 is a good option because it uses a small amount of sample (5 g), short agitation (10 min) and settling time (15 min). In turn, M1 and M5, which use a lower proportion of soil (1:2.5) show lower pH variation in the measurements. This fact may be explained by a smaller dilution effect. Considering that these two methods differ in the settling time, it is suggested to apply M1, because only 15 min are required. Therefore, the main conclusion reached with this work is that the measurement of soil pH using M1, i.e., a soil:water ratio of 1:2.5, with agitation of 10 min and settling time of 15 min, is a robust and more expeditious protocol to be applied to soil samples after a fire. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-06 2023-06-06T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/85713 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/85713 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Faria, M.; Bertocco, T.; Barroso, A.; Carvalho, M.; Fonseca, F.; Delerue Matos, C.; Figueiredo, T.; Sequeira Braga, A.; Valente, T.; Jiménez-Ballesta, R. A Comparison of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Soil pH: Case Study on Burned Soils in Northern Portugal. Fire 2023, 6, 227. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6060227 2571-6255 10.3390/fire6060227 227 https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/6/6/227 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799133348605460480 |