Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://hdl.handle.net/1822/72663 |
Resumo: | This work addresses the durability of structural epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates typically used in strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures exposed to natural ageing. The experimental program included four natural (real) outdoor environments inducing ageing mainly caused by carbonation, freeze-thaw attack, elevated temperatures, and airborne chlorides from seawater. Moreover, a control (reference) environment (20 °C of temperature and 55% of relative humidity) and an environment involving water immersion of the materials under controlled temperature (20 °C of temperature) were also included in this investigation. The characterization involved the assessment of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties along a study period of up to two years. Furthermore, comparisons between the natural ageing tests developed in the scope of the present work and accelerated ageing tests existing in the literature were performed. Regarding to the epoxy adhesives, an increase in the glass transition temperature with the time was observed, while the tensile properties decreased, regardless of the outdoor environment. The CFRP laminates were marginally affected by the studied environments. Despite the remarkable dispersion of the results observed in the accelerated ageing tests for the period investigated, this testing protocol yielded higher mechanical degradation than under natural ageing. |
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Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageingEpoxy adhesiveCFRP laminateDurabilityNatural outdoor ageingArtificial accelerated ageingScience & TechnologyThis work addresses the durability of structural epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates typically used in strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures exposed to natural ageing. The experimental program included four natural (real) outdoor environments inducing ageing mainly caused by carbonation, freeze-thaw attack, elevated temperatures, and airborne chlorides from seawater. Moreover, a control (reference) environment (20 °C of temperature and 55% of relative humidity) and an environment involving water immersion of the materials under controlled temperature (20 °C of temperature) were also included in this investigation. The characterization involved the assessment of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties along a study period of up to two years. Furthermore, comparisons between the natural ageing tests developed in the scope of the present work and accelerated ageing tests existing in the literature were performed. Regarding to the epoxy adhesives, an increase in the glass transition temperature with the time was observed, while the tensile properties decreased, regardless of the outdoor environment. The CFRP laminates were marginally affected by the studied environments. Despite the remarkable dispersion of the results observed in the accelerated ageing tests for the period investigated, this testing protocol yielded higher mechanical degradation than under natural ageing.This work was carried out in scope of the project FRPLongDur POCI-01-0145-FEDER016900 (FCT PTDC/ECM-EST/1282/2014) funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and co-financed by the European Fund of the Regional Development (FEDER) through the Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI) and the Lisbon Regional Operational Program and, partially financed by the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER007633, and partly financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), under reference UIDB/04029/2020. This work is financed by national funds through. Foundation for Science and Technology, under grant agreement (SFRH/BD/131259/2017) attributed to the first author.Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Universidade do MinhoCruz, José Ricardo LoureiroCorreia, Luís Luciano GouveiaDushimimana, AloysCabral-Fonseca, SusanaSena-Cruz, José2021-03-212021-03-21T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/1822/72663engCruz, R.; Correia, L.; Dushimimana, A.; Cabral-Fonseca, S.; Sena-Cruz, J. Durability of Epoxy Adhesives and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Laminates Used in Strengthening Systems: Accelerated Ageing versus Natural Ageing. Materials 2021, 14, 1533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma140615331996-194410.3390/ma14061533https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/6/1533info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-21T12:32:43Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/72663Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:28:07.190763Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing |
title |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing |
spellingShingle |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing Cruz, José Ricardo Loureiro Epoxy adhesive CFRP laminate Durability Natural outdoor ageing Artificial accelerated ageing Science & Technology |
title_short |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing |
title_full |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing |
title_fullStr |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing |
title_sort |
Durability of epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminates used in strengthening systems: accelerated ageing versus natural ageing |
author |
Cruz, José Ricardo Loureiro |
author_facet |
Cruz, José Ricardo Loureiro Correia, Luís Luciano Gouveia Dushimimana, Aloys Cabral-Fonseca, Susana Sena-Cruz, José |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Correia, Luís Luciano Gouveia Dushimimana, Aloys Cabral-Fonseca, Susana Sena-Cruz, José |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cruz, José Ricardo Loureiro Correia, Luís Luciano Gouveia Dushimimana, Aloys Cabral-Fonseca, Susana Sena-Cruz, José |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Epoxy adhesive CFRP laminate Durability Natural outdoor ageing Artificial accelerated ageing Science & Technology |
topic |
Epoxy adhesive CFRP laminate Durability Natural outdoor ageing Artificial accelerated ageing Science & Technology |
description |
This work addresses the durability of structural epoxy adhesives and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates typically used in strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures exposed to natural ageing. The experimental program included four natural (real) outdoor environments inducing ageing mainly caused by carbonation, freeze-thaw attack, elevated temperatures, and airborne chlorides from seawater. Moreover, a control (reference) environment (20 °C of temperature and 55% of relative humidity) and an environment involving water immersion of the materials under controlled temperature (20 °C of temperature) were also included in this investigation. The characterization involved the assessment of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties along a study period of up to two years. Furthermore, comparisons between the natural ageing tests developed in the scope of the present work and accelerated ageing tests existing in the literature were performed. Regarding to the epoxy adhesives, an increase in the glass transition temperature with the time was observed, while the tensile properties decreased, regardless of the outdoor environment. The CFRP laminates were marginally affected by the studied environments. Despite the remarkable dispersion of the results observed in the accelerated ageing tests for the period investigated, this testing protocol yielded higher mechanical degradation than under natural ageing. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-21 2021-03-21T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/72663 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/72663 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Cruz, R.; Correia, L.; Dushimimana, A.; Cabral-Fonseca, S.; Sena-Cruz, J. Durability of Epoxy Adhesives and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Laminates Used in Strengthening Systems: Accelerated Ageing versus Natural Ageing. Materials 2021, 14, 1533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061533 1996-1944 10.3390/ma14061533 https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/6/1533 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799132775420264448 |