Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2014 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2729 |
Resumo: | Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the public’s health has become an increasingly critical component in policy discussion. Recent data indicate that more than 70% of the world population lives in cities. Several studies reported that current levels of air pollutants in urban areas are associated with adverse health risks, namely, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. IARC recently classified outdoor air pollution and related particulate matter (PM) as carcinogenic to humans. Despite the air quality improvements observed over the last few years, there is still continued widespread exceedance within Europe, particularly regarding PM and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The European Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC requires Member States to design appropriate air quality plans for zones where air quality does not comply with established limit values. However, in most cases, air quality is only quantified using a combination of monitored and modeled data and no health impact assessment is carried out. An integrated approach combining the effects of several emission abatement measures on air quality, impacts on human health, and associated implementation costs enables an effective cost–benefit analysis and an added value to the decision-making process. Hence, this review describes the basic steps and tools for integrating health into air quality assessment (health indicators, exposure-response functions). In addition, consideration is given to two major outdoor pollutants: PM and NO2. A summary of the health metrics used to assess the health impact of PM and NO2 and recent epidemiologic data are also described. Over the years, air pollutants have been related to a wide range of adverse health effects usually expressed in several mortality and morbidity endpoints (Figure 1). A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence led to a heightened concern regarding the potential effects of outdoor air pollution on cardiovascular system, particularly in relation to heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke (Brook et al., 2004; Cheng et al., 2009). Moreover, an increased risk of lung cancer associated with exposure |
id |
RCAP_8493cdeae50471a6ec04d0f93e6346bc |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.insa.pt:10400.18/2729 |
network_acronym_str |
RCAP |
network_name_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository_id_str |
7160 |
spelling |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂Air Quality AssessmentAr e Saúde OcupacionalGenotoxidade Ambiental e OcupacionalQuantifying the impact of air pollution on the public’s health has become an increasingly critical component in policy discussion. Recent data indicate that more than 70% of the world population lives in cities. Several studies reported that current levels of air pollutants in urban areas are associated with adverse health risks, namely, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. IARC recently classified outdoor air pollution and related particulate matter (PM) as carcinogenic to humans. Despite the air quality improvements observed over the last few years, there is still continued widespread exceedance within Europe, particularly regarding PM and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The European Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC requires Member States to design appropriate air quality plans for zones where air quality does not comply with established limit values. However, in most cases, air quality is only quantified using a combination of monitored and modeled data and no health impact assessment is carried out. An integrated approach combining the effects of several emission abatement measures on air quality, impacts on human health, and associated implementation costs enables an effective cost–benefit analysis and an added value to the decision-making process. Hence, this review describes the basic steps and tools for integrating health into air quality assessment (health indicators, exposure-response functions). In addition, consideration is given to two major outdoor pollutants: PM and NO2. A summary of the health metrics used to assess the health impact of PM and NO2 and recent epidemiologic data are also described. Over the years, air pollutants have been related to a wide range of adverse health effects usually expressed in several mortality and morbidity endpoints (Figure 1). A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence led to a heightened concern regarding the potential effects of outdoor air pollution on cardiovascular system, particularly in relation to heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke (Brook et al., 2004; Cheng et al., 2009). Moreover, an increased risk of lung cancer associated with exposureTaylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health TitlesRepositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de SaúdeCosta, S.Ferreira, J.Silveira, C.Costa, C.Lopes, D.Relvas, H.Borrego, C.Roebeling, P.Miranda, A.I.Teixeira, João Paulo2015-01-30T17:04:31Z20142014-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2729engJ Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2014;17(6):307-40. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2014.9461641093-740410.1080/10937404.2014.946164info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-20T15:39:24Zoai:repositorio.insa.pt:10400.18/2729Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T18:37:39.025935Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ |
title |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ |
spellingShingle |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ Costa, S. Air Quality Assessment Ar e Saúde Ocupacional Genotoxidade Ambiental e Ocupacional |
title_short |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ |
title_full |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ |
title_fullStr |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ |
title_full_unstemmed |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ |
title_sort |
Integrating health on air quality assessment--review report on health risks of two major European outdoor air pollutants: PM and NO₂ |
author |
Costa, S. |
author_facet |
Costa, S. Ferreira, J. Silveira, C. Costa, C. Lopes, D. Relvas, H. Borrego, C. Roebeling, P. Miranda, A.I. Teixeira, João Paulo |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Ferreira, J. Silveira, C. Costa, C. Lopes, D. Relvas, H. Borrego, C. Roebeling, P. Miranda, A.I. Teixeira, João Paulo |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Costa, S. Ferreira, J. Silveira, C. Costa, C. Lopes, D. Relvas, H. Borrego, C. Roebeling, P. Miranda, A.I. Teixeira, João Paulo |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Air Quality Assessment Ar e Saúde Ocupacional Genotoxidade Ambiental e Ocupacional |
topic |
Air Quality Assessment Ar e Saúde Ocupacional Genotoxidade Ambiental e Ocupacional |
description |
Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the public’s health has become an increasingly critical component in policy discussion. Recent data indicate that more than 70% of the world population lives in cities. Several studies reported that current levels of air pollutants in urban areas are associated with adverse health risks, namely, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. IARC recently classified outdoor air pollution and related particulate matter (PM) as carcinogenic to humans. Despite the air quality improvements observed over the last few years, there is still continued widespread exceedance within Europe, particularly regarding PM and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The European Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC requires Member States to design appropriate air quality plans for zones where air quality does not comply with established limit values. However, in most cases, air quality is only quantified using a combination of monitored and modeled data and no health impact assessment is carried out. An integrated approach combining the effects of several emission abatement measures on air quality, impacts on human health, and associated implementation costs enables an effective cost–benefit analysis and an added value to the decision-making process. Hence, this review describes the basic steps and tools for integrating health into air quality assessment (health indicators, exposure-response functions). In addition, consideration is given to two major outdoor pollutants: PM and NO2. A summary of the health metrics used to assess the health impact of PM and NO2 and recent epidemiologic data are also described. Over the years, air pollutants have been related to a wide range of adverse health effects usually expressed in several mortality and morbidity endpoints (Figure 1). A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence led to a heightened concern regarding the potential effects of outdoor air pollution on cardiovascular system, particularly in relation to heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke (Brook et al., 2004; Cheng et al., 2009). Moreover, an increased risk of lung cancer associated with exposure |
publishDate |
2014 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2014 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z 2015-01-30T17:04:31Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2729 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2729 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2014;17(6):307-40. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2014.946164 1093-7404 10.1080/10937404.2014.946164 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
embargoedAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1799132111303606272 |