Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Ortigão,Raquel
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Pimentel-Nunes,Pedro, Dinis-Ribeiro,Mário, Libânio,Diogo
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2341-45452020000500007
Resumo: Human gut microbiota plays an important role in individual health. When the balance between host and gut microbiota is disrupted, changes in microbiota composition and function occur, which is referred as dysbiosis. Environmental factors as diet, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotics can lead to a permanent dysbiotic disruption. Clarification of these imbalances was made possible by recent advances in genome sequencing methods that supported acknowledgment of the interplay between microbiome and intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. This review focuses on the microbiota impact in inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Furthermore, novel therapies are summarized. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a successful and established therapy in recurrent CDI, and its application in other dysbiosis-related diseases is attracting enormous interest. Pre- and probiotics target microbial rebalance and have positive effects mainly in NAFLD, ulcerative colitis, IBS, and CDI patients. Promising anticarcinogenic effects have also been demonstrated in animal models. The literature increasingly describes microbial changes in many dysbiotic disorders and shows what needs to be treated. However, probiotics and FMT application in clinical practice suffers from a shortage of randomized controlled trials with standardized therapy regimens to support their recommendation.
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spelling Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical PracticeMicrobiotaDysbiosisDysbiosis-associated diseasesProbioticsFecal microbiota transplantationHuman gut microbiota plays an important role in individual health. When the balance between host and gut microbiota is disrupted, changes in microbiota composition and function occur, which is referred as dysbiosis. Environmental factors as diet, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotics can lead to a permanent dysbiotic disruption. Clarification of these imbalances was made possible by recent advances in genome sequencing methods that supported acknowledgment of the interplay between microbiome and intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. This review focuses on the microbiota impact in inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Furthermore, novel therapies are summarized. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a successful and established therapy in recurrent CDI, and its application in other dysbiosis-related diseases is attracting enormous interest. Pre- and probiotics target microbial rebalance and have positive effects mainly in NAFLD, ulcerative colitis, IBS, and CDI patients. Promising anticarcinogenic effects have also been demonstrated in animal models. The literature increasingly describes microbial changes in many dysbiotic disorders and shows what needs to be treated. However, probiotics and FMT application in clinical practice suffers from a shortage of randomized controlled trials with standardized therapy regimens to support their recommendation.Sociedade Portuguesa de Gastrenterologia2020-10-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articletext/htmlhttp://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2341-45452020000500007GE-Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology v.27 n.5 2020reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttp://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2341-45452020000500007Ortigão,RaquelPimentel-Nunes,PedroDinis-Ribeiro,MárioLibânio,Diogoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-02-06T17:34:06Zoai:scielo:S2341-45452020000500007Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:36:12.752963Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
title Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
spellingShingle Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
Ortigão,Raquel
Microbiota
Dysbiosis
Dysbiosis-associated diseases
Probiotics
Fecal microbiota transplantation
title_short Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
title_full Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
title_fullStr Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
title_full_unstemmed Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
title_sort Gastrointestinal Microbiome: What We Need to Know in Clinical Practice
author Ortigão,Raquel
author_facet Ortigão,Raquel
Pimentel-Nunes,Pedro
Dinis-Ribeiro,Mário
Libânio,Diogo
author_role author
author2 Pimentel-Nunes,Pedro
Dinis-Ribeiro,Mário
Libânio,Diogo
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Ortigão,Raquel
Pimentel-Nunes,Pedro
Dinis-Ribeiro,Mário
Libânio,Diogo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Microbiota
Dysbiosis
Dysbiosis-associated diseases
Probiotics
Fecal microbiota transplantation
topic Microbiota
Dysbiosis
Dysbiosis-associated diseases
Probiotics
Fecal microbiota transplantation
description Human gut microbiota plays an important role in individual health. When the balance between host and gut microbiota is disrupted, changes in microbiota composition and function occur, which is referred as dysbiosis. Environmental factors as diet, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotics can lead to a permanent dysbiotic disruption. Clarification of these imbalances was made possible by recent advances in genome sequencing methods that supported acknowledgment of the interplay between microbiome and intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. This review focuses on the microbiota impact in inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Furthermore, novel therapies are summarized. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a successful and established therapy in recurrent CDI, and its application in other dysbiosis-related diseases is attracting enormous interest. Pre- and probiotics target microbial rebalance and have positive effects mainly in NAFLD, ulcerative colitis, IBS, and CDI patients. Promising anticarcinogenic effects have also been demonstrated in animal models. The literature increasingly describes microbial changes in many dysbiotic disorders and shows what needs to be treated. However, probiotics and FMT application in clinical practice suffers from a shortage of randomized controlled trials with standardized therapy regimens to support their recommendation.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-10-01
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedade Portuguesa de Gastrenterologia
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedade Portuguesa de Gastrenterologia
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv GE-Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology v.27 n.5 2020
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
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