Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12639 |
Resumo: | Indices provide a straightforward summary of the status of an object or concept. Examples of concepts are diverse and go from city quality of life, country level of freedom, human development to environment sustainability. This paper introduces a methodology to assess the reliability of the environmental sustainability index implemented by the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index that is published by the World Economic Forum using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results show that the original index is not reliable as most of the variables are weakly correlated. A simplified version of the original index is obtained by exploratory factor analysis and tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Measures of reliability show that the new index called TTESI – Travel & Tourism Environmental Sustainability Index – is reliable. Results also show that combining data from different sources (e.g., survey data and physical measurements) proves problematic. A z-score value for each country was computed and countries were ranked based on the TTESI. Additionally, the new index is more in line with the HDI – Human Development Index – and can therefore be integrated more easily in an overall index of sustainable development. |
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Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliabilityEnvironmental sustainabilityExploratory and confirmatory factor analysesIndicesReliabilityTravel &tourism industryIndices provide a straightforward summary of the status of an object or concept. Examples of concepts are diverse and go from city quality of life, country level of freedom, human development to environment sustainability. This paper introduces a methodology to assess the reliability of the environmental sustainability index implemented by the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index that is published by the World Economic Forum using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results show that the original index is not reliable as most of the variables are weakly correlated. A simplified version of the original index is obtained by exploratory factor analysis and tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Measures of reliability show that the new index called TTESI – Travel & Tourism Environmental Sustainability Index – is reliable. Results also show that combining data from different sources (e.g., survey data and physical measurements) proves problematic. A z-score value for each country was computed and countries were ranked based on the TTESI. Additionally, the new index is more in line with the HDI – Human Development Index – and can therefore be integrated more easily in an overall index of sustainable development.Elsevier Science BV2017-03-23T12:21:13Z2017-01-01T00:00:00Z20172019-03-21T16:08:52Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10071/12639eng1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.10.008Dias, J. G.info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-09T18:00:16Zoai:repositorio.iscte-iul.pt:10071/12639Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T22:31:54.942483Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability |
title |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability Dias, J. G. Environmental sustainability Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses Indices Reliability Travel & tourism industry |
title_short |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability |
title_full |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability |
title_fullStr |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability |
title_sort |
Environmental sustainability measurement in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index: an empirical analysis of its reliability |
author |
Dias, J. G. |
author_facet |
Dias, J. G. |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Dias, J. G. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Environmental sustainability Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses Indices Reliability Travel & tourism industry |
topic |
Environmental sustainability Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses Indices Reliability Travel & tourism industry |
description |
Indices provide a straightforward summary of the status of an object or concept. Examples of concepts are diverse and go from city quality of life, country level of freedom, human development to environment sustainability. This paper introduces a methodology to assess the reliability of the environmental sustainability index implemented by the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index that is published by the World Economic Forum using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results show that the original index is not reliable as most of the variables are weakly correlated. A simplified version of the original index is obtained by exploratory factor analysis and tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Measures of reliability show that the new index called TTESI – Travel & Tourism Environmental Sustainability Index – is reliable. Results also show that combining data from different sources (e.g., survey data and physical measurements) proves problematic. A z-score value for each country was computed and countries were ranked based on the TTESI. Additionally, the new index is more in line with the HDI – Human Development Index – and can therefore be integrated more easily in an overall index of sustainable development. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-03-23T12:21:13Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z 2017 2019-03-21T16:08:52Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12639 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12639 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
1470-160X 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.10.008 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
embargoedAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier Science BV |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier Science BV |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799134880480624640 |