Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Maurício, Isabel
Data de Publicação: 2024
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: https://doi.org/10.25761/anaisihmt.458
Resumo: Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Although control strategies and efforts have contributed to a reduction in the overall prevalence and in the burden of disease, up to 1 million cases still occur every year, and visceral leishmaniasis still kills up to 90 000 people annually. Selected advances in the control of Leishmaniasis are presented and discussed in this review, with a focus on Portuguese speaking countries. The epidemiological situation of human leishmaniasis is compared in Portugal and Brazil, and reports of cases in other countries are analyzed. Diagnostic methods are briefly reviewed, and genomics and machine learning systems are discussed alongside the need for validated algorithms. Drug and vaccine development are discussed, including the potential for therapeutic and RNA vaccines. The advent of genomic epidemiology is analyzed, including in the redefinition of Leishmania taxonomy, as well as the use of molecular tools for identification of potential reservoirs. Finally, the prospect of precision medicine is addressed. In conclusion, although important advances are under way for leishmaniasis control, significant challenges still remain, which can be effectively overcome by increased investment and stronger political commitment.
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spelling Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countriesLeishmanioses: avancées scientifiques dans le contrôle, le diagnostic et l’épidémiologie moléculaire dans le contexte des pays lusophonesLeishmanioses: avanços científicos no controlo, diagnóstico e epidemiologia moleculares no contexto dos países de língua oficial PortuguesaLeishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Although control strategies and efforts have contributed to a reduction in the overall prevalence and in the burden of disease, up to 1 million cases still occur every year, and visceral leishmaniasis still kills up to 90 000 people annually. Selected advances in the control of Leishmaniasis are presented and discussed in this review, with a focus on Portuguese speaking countries. The epidemiological situation of human leishmaniasis is compared in Portugal and Brazil, and reports of cases in other countries are analyzed. Diagnostic methods are briefly reviewed, and genomics and machine learning systems are discussed alongside the need for validated algorithms. Drug and vaccine development are discussed, including the potential for therapeutic and RNA vaccines. The advent of genomic epidemiology is analyzed, including in the redefinition of Leishmania taxonomy, as well as the use of molecular tools for identification of potential reservoirs. Finally, the prospect of precision medicine is addressed. In conclusion, although important advances are under way for leishmaniasis control, significant challenges still remain, which can be effectively overcome by increased investment and stronger political commitment.Les leishmanioses sont des maladies tropicales négligées causées par des parasites protozoaires du genre Leishmania. Bien que les stratégies et les efforts de lutte aient contribué à réduire la prévalence globale et la charge de morbidité, jusqu’à 1 million de cas surviennent encore chaque année et la leishmaniose viscérale tue encore jusqu’à 90 000 personnes par an. Certaines avancées dans le contrôle de la leishmaniose sont présentées et discutées dans cette revue, en mettant l’accent sur les pays lusophones. La situation épidémiologique de la leishmaniose humaine est comparée au Portugal et au Brésil, et les déclarations de cas dans d’autres pays sont analysées. Les méthodes de diagnostic sont brièvement passées en revue, et les systèmes de génomique et d’apprentissage automatique sont discutés parallèlement au besoin d’algorithmes validés. Le développement de médicaments et de vaccins est discuté, y compris le potentiel de vaccins thérapeutiques et à ARN. L’avènement de l’épidémiologie génomique est analysé, notamment dans la redéfinition de la taxonomie des Leishmania, ainsi que l’utilisation d’outils moléculaires pour l’identification de réservoirs potentiels. Enfin, la perspective de la médecine de précision est abordée. En conclusion, bien que des avancées importantes soient en cours dans la lutte contre la leishmaniose, des défis importants subsistent, qui peuvent être efficacement surmontés par des investissements accrus et un engagement politique plus fort.As leishmanioses são doenças tropicais negligenciadas causadas por parasitas protozoários do género Leishmania. Embora as estratégias e esforços de controle tenham contribuído para a redução da sua prevalência e impacto, até 1 milhão de casos ainda ocorrem por ano, e a leishmaniose visceral ainda mata até 90 000 pessoas anualmente. Alguns importantes avanços no controle da leishmaniose são apresentados e discutidos nesta revisão, com foco nos países de língua portuguesa. Compara-se a situação epidemiológica da leishmaniose humana em Portugal e no Brasil e analisam-se casos notificados noutros países. Os métodos de diagnóstico são revistos de forma breve ​​ e genómica e sistemas de aprendizagem de máquina (“machine learning”) são discutidos juntamente com a necessidade de algoritmos validados. O desenvolvimento de medicamentos e vacinas é discutido, incluindo o potencial para vacinas terapêuticas e de RNA. O advento da epidemiologia genómica é analisado, inclusivamente na redefinição da taxonomia de Leishmania, assim como o uso de ferramentas moleculares para identificação de potenciais reservatórios. Por fim, aborda-se os primeiros passos no desenvolvimento da medicina de precisão. Em conclusão, embora tenha havido avanços importantes no controle da leishmaniose, ainda permanecem desafios significativos, que podem ser efetivamente superados com o aumento do investimento e um maior compromisso político.Universidade Nova de Lisboa2024-01-31info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.25761/anaisihmt.458https://doi.org/10.25761/anaisihmt.458Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical; Vol 22 No 2 (2023): Medicina Tropical e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - 6.º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical; 66-74Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical; v. 22 n. 2 (2023): Medicina Tropical e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - 6.º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical; 66-742184-23100303-7762reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttp://anaisihmt.com/index.php/ihmt/article/view/458http://anaisihmt.com/index.php/ihmt/article/view/458/380Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropicalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMaurício, Isabel2024-02-14T20:53:04Zoai:ojs.anaisihmt.com:article/458Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:38:14.330099Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
Leishmanioses: avancées scientifiques dans le contrôle, le diagnostic et l’épidémiologie moléculaire dans le contexte des pays lusophones
Leishmanioses: avanços científicos no controlo, diagnóstico e epidemiologia moleculares no contexto dos países de língua oficial Portuguesa
title Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
spellingShingle Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
Maurício, Isabel
title_short Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
title_full Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
title_fullStr Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
title_full_unstemmed Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
title_sort Leishmaniasis: scientific advances in control, diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the context of Portuguese speaking countries
author Maurício, Isabel
author_facet Maurício, Isabel
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Maurício, Isabel
description Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Although control strategies and efforts have contributed to a reduction in the overall prevalence and in the burden of disease, up to 1 million cases still occur every year, and visceral leishmaniasis still kills up to 90 000 people annually. Selected advances in the control of Leishmaniasis are presented and discussed in this review, with a focus on Portuguese speaking countries. The epidemiological situation of human leishmaniasis is compared in Portugal and Brazil, and reports of cases in other countries are analyzed. Diagnostic methods are briefly reviewed, and genomics and machine learning systems are discussed alongside the need for validated algorithms. Drug and vaccine development are discussed, including the potential for therapeutic and RNA vaccines. The advent of genomic epidemiology is analyzed, including in the redefinition of Leishmania taxonomy, as well as the use of molecular tools for identification of potential reservoirs. Finally, the prospect of precision medicine is addressed. In conclusion, although important advances are under way for leishmaniasis control, significant challenges still remain, which can be effectively overcome by increased investment and stronger political commitment.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024-01-31
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.25761/anaisihmt.458
https://doi.org/10.25761/anaisihmt.458
url https://doi.org/10.25761/anaisihmt.458
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://anaisihmt.com/index.php/ihmt/article/view/458
http://anaisihmt.com/index.php/ihmt/article/view/458/380
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Nova de Lisboa
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Nova de Lisboa
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical; Vol 22 No 2 (2023): Medicina Tropical e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - 6.º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical; 66-74
Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical; v. 22 n. 2 (2023): Medicina Tropical e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - 6.º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical; 66-74
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