Azeite e dieta mediterrânica num modelo de neoplasia experimental da mama

• Autor(a) principal: Vicente, Ana Filipa dos Reis Baltazar
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10316/19194
• topic: Neoplasias da mama; Dieta mediterrânica

Epidemiologic data reveal an important role of food and nutrition in breast cancer risk. Foods and nutrients, as well as processing and cooking techniques can have a protective or pejorative in carcinogenesis process, also in the mammary gland. The human nutrition complexity and the growing need to identify foods and nutrients involved and also the mechanisms through which they exert their effect motivated experimental studies using laboratory animals. Because the experimental conditions are fully established and had been previously validated, in this type of studies it is possible to investigate the role of foods and nutrients, isolated or combined, on mammary gland carcinogenesis chemically induced with specific and well known carcinogens. The present work pretends to continue a previous investigation project about the role of Mediterranean diet type in mammary carcinogenesis. In that project, female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and submitted to 7,12 dimetilbenzantrancene administration. Necropsy procedure was conducted in all the surviving animals after 150 days. The internal and external compartments were examined and all mammary or extra-mammary tumors were removed for further analysis. Considering biologic materials and results from the previous work, the next purpose was to combine macroscopic observation data with histologic parameters that could serve as malignancy 14 indicators. With this purpose we considered animals from four relevant groups, from which only one was saved from carcinogen administration. The four groups received standard food; however in two of them it was added a specific supplement in study. One was supplemented with olive oil and the other with a Mediterranean diet type meal. As expected, the group saved from carcinogen administration did not have any tumors in the end of the study. The results from the present work confirmed the previous possibility of a protective role from the consumption of olive oil. Significant differences were found between the neoplastic lesions from this group and the tumors from the group that only received the standard food and the carcinogen in what concerns to the three main histologic parameters considered as indicators of tumoral malignancy – solid areas extension, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic count. The results from the group supplemented with the Mediterranean diet type meal were not so evident and clear. This group tumors had a higher nuclear pleomorphism despite of lower solid areas extension and low mitotic counts. Considering the results from both work projects, it is important to note that as seen complementary techniques like histopathology can add an important help on the evaluation of possible hallmarks and indicators of tumor malignancy that can have similar expression in humans and that can be associated with clinical prognosis.