Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Oliva, Marc
Data de Publicação: 2014
Outros Autores: Gómez Ortiz, Antonio, Salvador, Ferran, Salvà, Montserrat, Pereira, Paulo, Geraldes, Miguel
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10451/28295
Resumo: Soil temperatures play a key role on the dynamics of geomorphological processes in periglacial environments. However, little is known about soil thermal dynamics in periglacial environments of semiarid mid-latitude mountains, where seasonal frost is dominant. From September 2006 to August 2012we havemonitored soil temperatures at different depths (2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm) in a solifluction landformlocated at 3005 m.a.s.l. in the summit area of the Sierra Nevada (South Spain). Mean annual temperatures in the firstmeter of the soil ranged from3.6 to 3.9 °Cwhile themean annual air temperature at the nearby Veleta peak was 0.08 °C. Therefore, these data point out the inexistence of widespread permafrost conditions today in this massif. Seasonal frost controls the geomorphodynamics even in the highest lands. Climate conditions have shown a large interannual variability, as it is characteristic in a high mountainous Mediterranean environment. These variations are reflected in the patterns of soil thermal dynamics. The depth and duration of the frozen layer are strongly conditioned by the thickness of the snow cover. The date of the first significant snowfalls conditioned the beginning and rhythm of freezing of the soil. Wet years resulted in a thick snow cover which insulated the ground from external climate oscillations and favored a shallow frost layer (2008–2009, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011). On the other hand, years with low precipitations promoted deeper freezing of the soil down to 60–70 cm extending until late May or early June (2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2011–2012). When snow melted a high increase of temperatures of 10–12 °C in few weeks was recorded at all depths. At this time of the year, periglacial activity is enhanced due to higher water availability and the existence of freeze–thaw cycles. These were recorded mostly in spring and autumn in the first 50 cm depth of the soil, ranging from 9.8 days (at 2 cm) to 3.7 days (at 50 cm). However, the inactivity of solifluction landforms suggests that the combination of present-day soil temperatures together with moisture conditions is not favorable to promote solifluction activity in the periglacial belt of the Sierra Nevada. Future climate scenarios point to a temperature increase and precipitation decrease in the area, which would entail deeper but shorter frozen soil layers. These conditions would not be favorable for active periglacial slope processes in the Sierra Nevada.
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spelling Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, SpainSierra NevadaPeriglacial environmentSolifluction processesSoil temperaturesSeasonal frostSnow coverSoil temperatures play a key role on the dynamics of geomorphological processes in periglacial environments. However, little is known about soil thermal dynamics in periglacial environments of semiarid mid-latitude mountains, where seasonal frost is dominant. From September 2006 to August 2012we havemonitored soil temperatures at different depths (2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm) in a solifluction landformlocated at 3005 m.a.s.l. in the summit area of the Sierra Nevada (South Spain). Mean annual temperatures in the firstmeter of the soil ranged from3.6 to 3.9 °Cwhile themean annual air temperature at the nearby Veleta peak was 0.08 °C. Therefore, these data point out the inexistence of widespread permafrost conditions today in this massif. Seasonal frost controls the geomorphodynamics even in the highest lands. Climate conditions have shown a large interannual variability, as it is characteristic in a high mountainous Mediterranean environment. These variations are reflected in the patterns of soil thermal dynamics. The depth and duration of the frozen layer are strongly conditioned by the thickness of the snow cover. The date of the first significant snowfalls conditioned the beginning and rhythm of freezing of the soil. Wet years resulted in a thick snow cover which insulated the ground from external climate oscillations and favored a shallow frost layer (2008–2009, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011). On the other hand, years with low precipitations promoted deeper freezing of the soil down to 60–70 cm extending until late May or early June (2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2011–2012). When snow melted a high increase of temperatures of 10–12 °C in few weeks was recorded at all depths. At this time of the year, periglacial activity is enhanced due to higher water availability and the existence of freeze–thaw cycles. These were recorded mostly in spring and autumn in the first 50 cm depth of the soil, ranging from 9.8 days (at 2 cm) to 3.7 days (at 50 cm). However, the inactivity of solifluction landforms suggests that the combination of present-day soil temperatures together with moisture conditions is not favorable to promote solifluction activity in the periglacial belt of the Sierra Nevada. Future climate scenarios point to a temperature increase and precipitation decrease in the area, which would entail deeper but shorter frozen soil layers. These conditions would not be favorable for active periglacial slope processes in the Sierra Nevada.ElsevierRepositório da Universidade de LisboaOliva, MarcGómez Ortiz, AntonioSalvador, FerranSalvà, MontserratPereira, PauloGeraldes, Miguel2017-07-11T13:06:32Z20142014-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/28295eng0016-706110.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.012metadata only accessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-08T16:19:56Zoai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/28295Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:44:32.640734Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
title Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
spellingShingle Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
Oliva, Marc
Sierra Nevada
Periglacial environment
Solifluction processes
Soil temperatures
Seasonal frost
Snow cover
title_short Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
title_full Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
title_fullStr Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
title_full_unstemmed Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
title_sort Long-term soil temperature dynamics in the Sierra Nevada, Spain
author Oliva, Marc
author_facet Oliva, Marc
Gómez Ortiz, Antonio
Salvador, Ferran
Salvà, Montserrat
Pereira, Paulo
Geraldes, Miguel
author_role author
author2 Gómez Ortiz, Antonio
Salvador, Ferran
Salvà, Montserrat
Pereira, Paulo
Geraldes, Miguel
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Oliva, Marc
Gómez Ortiz, Antonio
Salvador, Ferran
Salvà, Montserrat
Pereira, Paulo
Geraldes, Miguel
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Sierra Nevada
Periglacial environment
Solifluction processes
Soil temperatures
Seasonal frost
Snow cover
topic Sierra Nevada
Periglacial environment
Solifluction processes
Soil temperatures
Seasonal frost
Snow cover
description Soil temperatures play a key role on the dynamics of geomorphological processes in periglacial environments. However, little is known about soil thermal dynamics in periglacial environments of semiarid mid-latitude mountains, where seasonal frost is dominant. From September 2006 to August 2012we havemonitored soil temperatures at different depths (2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm) in a solifluction landformlocated at 3005 m.a.s.l. in the summit area of the Sierra Nevada (South Spain). Mean annual temperatures in the firstmeter of the soil ranged from3.6 to 3.9 °Cwhile themean annual air temperature at the nearby Veleta peak was 0.08 °C. Therefore, these data point out the inexistence of widespread permafrost conditions today in this massif. Seasonal frost controls the geomorphodynamics even in the highest lands. Climate conditions have shown a large interannual variability, as it is characteristic in a high mountainous Mediterranean environment. These variations are reflected in the patterns of soil thermal dynamics. The depth and duration of the frozen layer are strongly conditioned by the thickness of the snow cover. The date of the first significant snowfalls conditioned the beginning and rhythm of freezing of the soil. Wet years resulted in a thick snow cover which insulated the ground from external climate oscillations and favored a shallow frost layer (2008–2009, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011). On the other hand, years with low precipitations promoted deeper freezing of the soil down to 60–70 cm extending until late May or early June (2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2011–2012). When snow melted a high increase of temperatures of 10–12 °C in few weeks was recorded at all depths. At this time of the year, periglacial activity is enhanced due to higher water availability and the existence of freeze–thaw cycles. These were recorded mostly in spring and autumn in the first 50 cm depth of the soil, ranging from 9.8 days (at 2 cm) to 3.7 days (at 50 cm). However, the inactivity of solifluction landforms suggests that the combination of present-day soil temperatures together with moisture conditions is not favorable to promote solifluction activity in the periglacial belt of the Sierra Nevada. Future climate scenarios point to a temperature increase and precipitation decrease in the area, which would entail deeper but shorter frozen soil layers. These conditions would not be favorable for active periglacial slope processes in the Sierra Nevada.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014
2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
2017-07-11T13:06:32Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10451/28295
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 0016-7061
10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.07.012
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
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collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
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