Response to simulated El Niño stress by Macrocystis pyrifera

• Autor(a) principal: Barreto, Luís António de Matos
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/12157
• topic: Kelp; Espécies; Espécies estruturais; Alterações climáticas; Stress térmico; Adaptação local; Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas

Compelling evidence on environmental and species distribution changes due to global climate change have greatly increased over the last decades and extreme events like marine heatwaves (MHWs) (concurrent high temperature and low nutrient) are increasing in frequency, duration and intensity. The giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C.A. Agardh forms dense marine forests serving as a foundation species in ecosystems that are of great ecological and economic importance. Thus, the objective of this study was to test for evidence of local adaptation to conditions representative of MHWs stress in the field on a regional level, encompassing areas with different oceanographic regimes and genetic groups. Adult blades from two depths and four regions of the Northeast Pacific were exposed to simulated nutrient and thermal stress conditions. The results clearly showed that M. pyrifera populations at the southernmost limit displayed greater thermal tolerance in their photosynthetic physiology. Compared to the other regions, surface blades from the South suffered reduced impact on the photosynthetic apparatus, with Fv/Fm values at 24ºC 15.5% higher than the regional mean. Thermally-sensitive parameters governed mainly by enzymatic processes (rETRmax and Ek) were unaffected over the 15 - 24ºC range in the southernmost region, suggesting adaptation to local environmental conditions. Amongst the bottom blades collected at depth, photosynthetic responses to stress were rather similar among different regions. The F1 juvenile generation grown in vitro from parental source material did not exhibit a significant reductions in Fv/Fm under the moderate stress temperature used (21ºC), but rETRmax and Ek remained significantly higher in the Southern regions. Consistently poor photosynthetic responses to thermal stress were observed in the North-Center region (Santa Barbara) in all experiments, suggesting genetically-based fitness reduction. Our results also highlighted the need for further research on the synergistic effects of low nutrients availability and high thermal stress considering different life stages of M. pyrifera.