Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://hdl.handle.net/1822/84871 |
Resumo: | Although polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used materials in additive manufacturing, its mechanical properties are quite limiting for its practical application, therefore, to improve these properties it is frequent to add fibers and, in this way, create a more resistant composite material. In this paper, the authors developed PLA composites reinforced with flax fibers to evaluate the improvement of tensile and flexural strength. The experimental design of experiments was based on the L18 Taguchi array where the control factors were the extruder temperature (three levels), number of strands (three levels), infill percentage of the specimens (three levels), and whether the flax fiber had surface chemical treatment. The tensile and flexural specimens were made on a 3D printing machine and was a mold was developed to fix and align the fiber strands during the printing process. The tensile and flexural experimental tests were performed in agreement with ASTM D638.14 and ISO 14125 standards, respectively. Analyzing the results, it was verified that the surface chemical treatment (NaOH) of the fiber did not show any influence in the mechanical properties of the composites; in contrast, the infill density demonstrated a huge influence for the improvement of mechanical strength. The maximum values of tensile and bending stress were 50 MPa and 73 MPa, respectively. The natural fiber reinforcement can improve the mechanical properties of the PLA composites. |
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Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibersComposite with natural fibersFlax fibersPLAAdditive manufacturingMechanical propertiesScience & TechnologyAlthough polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used materials in additive manufacturing, its mechanical properties are quite limiting for its practical application, therefore, to improve these properties it is frequent to add fibers and, in this way, create a more resistant composite material. In this paper, the authors developed PLA composites reinforced with flax fibers to evaluate the improvement of tensile and flexural strength. The experimental design of experiments was based on the L18 Taguchi array where the control factors were the extruder temperature (three levels), number of strands (three levels), infill percentage of the specimens (three levels), and whether the flax fiber had surface chemical treatment. The tensile and flexural specimens were made on a 3D printing machine and was a mold was developed to fix and align the fiber strands during the printing process. The tensile and flexural experimental tests were performed in agreement with ASTM D638.14 and ISO 14125 standards, respectively. Analyzing the results, it was verified that the surface chemical treatment (NaOH) of the fiber did not show any influence in the mechanical properties of the composites; in contrast, the infill density demonstrated a huge influence for the improvement of mechanical strength. The maximum values of tensile and bending stress were 50 MPa and 73 MPa, respectively. The natural fiber reinforcement can improve the mechanical properties of the PLA composites.Financial support was provided by Portugal’s national funding FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO) (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020).Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Universidade do MinhoPaulo, AnaSantos, Jorgeda Rocha, JoãoLima, Rui Alberto Madeira MacedoRibeiro, João2023-01-102023-01-10T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/1822/84871engPaulo, A.; Santos, J.; da Rocha, J.; Lima, R.; Ribeiro, J. Mechanical Properties of PLA Specimens Obtained by Additive Manufacturing Process Reinforced with Flax Fibers. J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs70100272504-477X2504-477X10.3390/jcs701002727https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/1/27info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-21T12:25:25Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/84871Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:19:39.183832Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers |
title |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers |
spellingShingle |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers Paulo, Ana Composite with natural fibers Flax fibers PLA Additive manufacturing Mechanical properties Science & Technology |
title_short |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers |
title_full |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers |
title_fullStr |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers |
title_sort |
Mechanical properties of PLA specimens obtained by additive manufacturing process reinforced with flax fibers |
author |
Paulo, Ana |
author_facet |
Paulo, Ana Santos, Jorge da Rocha, João Lima, Rui Alberto Madeira Macedo Ribeiro, João |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Santos, Jorge da Rocha, João Lima, Rui Alberto Madeira Macedo Ribeiro, João |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Paulo, Ana Santos, Jorge da Rocha, João Lima, Rui Alberto Madeira Macedo Ribeiro, João |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Composite with natural fibers Flax fibers PLA Additive manufacturing Mechanical properties Science & Technology |
topic |
Composite with natural fibers Flax fibers PLA Additive manufacturing Mechanical properties Science & Technology |
description |
Although polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used materials in additive manufacturing, its mechanical properties are quite limiting for its practical application, therefore, to improve these properties it is frequent to add fibers and, in this way, create a more resistant composite material. In this paper, the authors developed PLA composites reinforced with flax fibers to evaluate the improvement of tensile and flexural strength. The experimental design of experiments was based on the L18 Taguchi array where the control factors were the extruder temperature (three levels), number of strands (three levels), infill percentage of the specimens (three levels), and whether the flax fiber had surface chemical treatment. The tensile and flexural specimens were made on a 3D printing machine and was a mold was developed to fix and align the fiber strands during the printing process. The tensile and flexural experimental tests were performed in agreement with ASTM D638.14 and ISO 14125 standards, respectively. Analyzing the results, it was verified that the surface chemical treatment (NaOH) of the fiber did not show any influence in the mechanical properties of the composites; in contrast, the infill density demonstrated a huge influence for the improvement of mechanical strength. The maximum values of tensile and bending stress were 50 MPa and 73 MPa, respectively. The natural fiber reinforcement can improve the mechanical properties of the PLA composites. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-10 2023-01-10T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/84871 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1822/84871 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Paulo, A.; Santos, J.; da Rocha, J.; Lima, R.; Ribeiro, J. Mechanical Properties of PLA Specimens Obtained by Additive Manufacturing Process Reinforced with Flax Fibers. J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7010027 2504-477X 2504-477X 10.3390/jcs7010027 27 https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/1/27 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799132656081829888 |