A influência do destreino em marcadores de risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes com sobrepeso

• Autor(a) principal: Bruno Marques da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/110409
• topic: Outras ciências sociais; Other social sciences

Introduction: Over the last two decades, the prevalence of overweight and child obesity has reached a worrying magnitude throughout the world. According to DGS in Portugal shows that more than 35% of children between the ages of six and eight years have a body mass index higher than the one recommended for their age and gender, where the health implications are serious and are very well characterized. The regular practice of physical exercise has been demonstrated as a viable strategy for the control of overweight and obesity in adolescents. However, there has been evidence that different types of physical exercise have a different impact on the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, there has been a great effort in optimizing the characteristics of exercise programs in order to potentiate their effects on the variable of interest. Studies in obese children show that the use of combined training (high-intensity circuit training program) promotes significant improvements in anthropometry, biochemical and hemodynamic markers, in less total training time and with benefits to be observed earlier than in aerobic or resistance training programs. Nonetheless, little is known about how this type of training is maintained after its stoppage (detraining) in cardiometabolic risk markers of young adolescents with overweight or obesity. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the suspension of a high intensity circuit training program in reversing the benefits observed at the level of cardiometabolic risk factors. Material and Methods: For the development of the state of the art, a search was performed in the PubMed / Medline database, which gave rise to the review work presented in the first part of this study. Regarding the experimental work, a data analysis of 11 adolescents (16.7 ± 0.9 years and 28.5 ± 3.7 Kgm-²) was performed, who participated in a high-intensity circuit training program (4 days/week, 60min./day, 2,5 months). These adolescents were evaluated before the first session, at the end of the program and after the summer vacation (detraining), according to the following variables: Body Weight (BW), Abdominal Perimeter (AP), Body Mass Index (BMI), (%) fat, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), Total Body Water (TBW), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Triglycerides, Glucose, Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein (HDL). Results: The review suggests that the impact of aerobic or resisted physical exercise on body composition is limited. However, the combined training, namely the training organized in high intensity circuit, proves to be effective in increasing the lean mass and, consequently, in the reduction of fat mass. Our experimental work showed that the high intensity circuit training program resulted in significant changes in body weight (-2.28%), BMI (-2.1%), FM (-14.6%), FFM (+4.51%), TBW (+4.56%), Cholesterol (-14.83%), HDL (+ 20.1%) but the suspension of the program resulted in the reversion of all the improvements. Conclusion: Our study suggest that high-intensity circuit training induces significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, contributing to the improvement of the health of overweight and obese adolescents, though their stopping reverses its benefits.