When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/62691 |
Resumo: | Research on dual-process theories of judgment makes abundant use of reasoning problems that present a conflict between Type 1 intuitive responses and Type 2 rule-based responses. However, in many of these reasoning tasks, there is no way to discriminate between the adequate and inadequate use of rules based on logical or probabilistic principles. To experimentally discriminate between the two, we developed a new set of problems: rule-inadequate versions of standard base-rate problems (where base rates are made irrelevant). Across four experiments, we observed conflict sensitivity (measured in terms of response latencies and response confidence) in responses to standard baserate problems but also in responses to rule-inadequate versions of these problems. This failure to discriminate between real and merely apparent (or spurious) conflict suggests that participants often misuse statistical information and draw conclusions based on irrelevant base rates. We conclude that inferring the sound use of statistical rules from normatively correct responses to standard conflict problems may be unwarranted when this kind of reasoning bias is not controlled for. |
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When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning ProblemsDual-process theoryReasoningJudgmentBiasMetacognitionResearch on dual-process theories of judgment makes abundant use of reasoning problems that present a conflict between Type 1 intuitive responses and Type 2 rule-based responses. However, in many of these reasoning tasks, there is no way to discriminate between the adequate and inadequate use of rules based on logical or probabilistic principles. To experimentally discriminate between the two, we developed a new set of problems: rule-inadequate versions of standard base-rate problems (where base rates are made irrelevant). Across four experiments, we observed conflict sensitivity (measured in terms of response latencies and response confidence) in responses to standard baserate problems but also in responses to rule-inadequate versions of these problems. This failure to discriminate between real and merely apparent (or spurious) conflict suggests that participants often misuse statistical information and draw conclusions based on irrelevant base rates. We conclude that inferring the sound use of statistical rules from normatively correct responses to standard conflict problems may be unwarranted when this kind of reasoning bias is not controlled for.MDPIRepositório da Universidade de LisboaFerreira, Mário B.Soro, Jerônimo C.Reis, JoanaMata, AndréThompson, Valerie A.2024-02-18T11:54:54Z2022-11-172024-02-01T13:47:30Z2022-11-17T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/62691engFerreira, M. B., Soro, J. C., Reis, J., Mata, A., & Thompson, V. A. (2022). When type 2 processing misfires: The Indiscriminate use of statistical thinking about reasoning problems. Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence100401092079-3200cv-prod-321515010.3390/jintelligence10040109info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-04T01:20:07Zoai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/62691Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:12:29.150801Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems |
title |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems |
spellingShingle |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems Ferreira, Mário B. Dual-process theory Reasoning Judgment Bias Metacognition |
title_short |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems |
title_full |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems |
title_fullStr |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems |
title_full_unstemmed |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems |
title_sort |
When Type 2 Processing Misfires: The Indiscriminate Use of Statistical Thinking about Reasoning Problems |
author |
Ferreira, Mário B. |
author_facet |
Ferreira, Mário B. Soro, Jerônimo C. Reis, Joana Mata, André Thompson, Valerie A. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Soro, Jerônimo C. Reis, Joana Mata, André Thompson, Valerie A. |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Ferreira, Mário B. Soro, Jerônimo C. Reis, Joana Mata, André Thompson, Valerie A. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Dual-process theory Reasoning Judgment Bias Metacognition |
topic |
Dual-process theory Reasoning Judgment Bias Metacognition |
description |
Research on dual-process theories of judgment makes abundant use of reasoning problems that present a conflict between Type 1 intuitive responses and Type 2 rule-based responses. However, in many of these reasoning tasks, there is no way to discriminate between the adequate and inadequate use of rules based on logical or probabilistic principles. To experimentally discriminate between the two, we developed a new set of problems: rule-inadequate versions of standard base-rate problems (where base rates are made irrelevant). Across four experiments, we observed conflict sensitivity (measured in terms of response latencies and response confidence) in responses to standard baserate problems but also in responses to rule-inadequate versions of these problems. This failure to discriminate between real and merely apparent (or spurious) conflict suggests that participants often misuse statistical information and draw conclusions based on irrelevant base rates. We conclude that inferring the sound use of statistical rules from normatively correct responses to standard conflict problems may be unwarranted when this kind of reasoning bias is not controlled for. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11-17 2022-11-17T00:00:00Z 2024-02-18T11:54:54Z 2024-02-01T13:47:30Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10451/62691 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10451/62691 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Ferreira, M. B., Soro, J. C., Reis, J., Mata, A., & Thompson, V. A. (2022). When type 2 processing misfires: The Indiscriminate use of statistical thinking about reasoning problems. Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040109 2079-3200 cv-prod-3215150 10.3390/jintelligence10040109 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799137774188625920 |