O desenho em contexto de arte-terapia para pessoas com doença mental

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, João Maria D'Oliveira e Sousa Garcia
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10451/40741
• topic: Eysenck, H. J., 1916-1997; Kurelek, William, 1927-1977; Kusama, Yayoi, 1929-; Silveira, Nise da, 1905-1997; Adamson, Edward, 1911-1996; Jornadas de Arte e Inclusão, 1, Santarém, 2018; Projecto Incluir; Desenho; Arte terapia; Doença mental; Benefícios; Loucura; Domínio/Área Científica::Humanidades::Artes

In the present dissertation, we will analyse the role of drawing used in art therapy for people with mental illness, based on two segments. Firstly, we will carry out a theoretical investigation based on the connection between drawing and mental illness, as well as its use in the context of art-therapy. Secondly, we will do report based on an art-therapy project for people with mental illness, developed between the author and Santarém’s Hospital Psychiatry Department, in which art workshops were developed, being drawing one of the artistic competences approached with greater preponderance. Regarding theoretical research, firstly, we will analyse the terminology regarding mental illness, emphasising the meaning of the word "madness", which throughout history has acquired different readings. We will also address the importance of psychopathology, since it has an enormous preponderance regarding the diagnosis and treatment of various mental diseases. Then, in order to perceive the connection between drawing and mental illness, we will look at two examples that illustrate it. The first, Outsider Art, a term created by the artist Jean Dubuffet, which includes artistic production originated from alternative sources, such as the work developed by patients with mental illness. The second example consists on a series of studies carried out by the psychologist Hans Eysenck, from which he tried to perceive if there was an objective connection between creativity and mental illness. Later, based on the examples of William Kurelek and Yayoi Kusama, we will approach art’s role in the way both the artists dealt, and in the case of Kusama still deals, with the adversities inherent to their respective mental illnesses, clarifying whether their art practise became relevant and brought them benefits, being this the introductory point to the perception of the real role of drawing in the context of therapy. After that, we will try to locate the origins and the initial development of art-therapy in a clinical context for patients with mental illness, based on the pioneering work of Nise da Silveira and Edward Adamson, who developed drawing and painting workshops in order to help in the treatment of mental illness. Finally, in order to understand the importance of art-therapy today, as well as the benefits that result from its usage, we will analyze a series of scientific articles based on the way art works as a therapeutic tool for people with mental illness, giving once again emphasis on the role of drawing since it is the main focus of this research work. In the second part of this research, we will present a report of an art therapy project for people with mental illness called Incluir - Oficinas para Todos e para Cada Um , a project developed between the author and Santarém’s Hospital Psychiatry Department. All the project’s stages will be analysed, including the idea, the initial objectives, the funding, the art skills developed during the workshops, duly followed up and justified by the references used in each phase. The project results will also be analyzed based on the participant's progress and their reaction to the various techniques explored during the workshops. Finally, the data obtained from a study about the participant’s self esteem and the prejudice surrounding mental illness among the community, carried out by the Santarém’s Hospital Psychiatry Department, will be presented and discussed. Based on this data, and also from students' reactions to the artistic skills developed during the workshops, we will make a final reflection on the project, increased with suggestions for future initiatives similar to Incluir , taking conclusions about the importance of these kind of projects, and also giving special attention to the role of drawing in all its stages, especially its importance during the workshops.