The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/14218 |
Resumo: | Cognitive reserve (CR) is, considered to be, a mechanism that protects against significantmental decline. It is based on the concept that proxies such as education, complexityof professional occupation and cognitive stimulating activities increases one’s resistance toageor disease-related brain changes and cognition. It designates the brain’s capacity toadaptand cope with changes related to age or pathology without developing cognitive impairment. (Cheng, 2014; Stern et al., 2020; Tucker and Stern, 2011 as cited by Song, Stern &Gu, 2022). Conversely, cognitive training is the repeated and structured practice of tasks whichaimatimproving, maintaining, or restoring mental function (Valenzuela & Sachdev,2009). Variousstudies suggest that cognitive training provided later in life can be used as a protectivetool against cognitive decline. Different types of cognitive training programs have beenshowntohave large and durable effects on the cognitive functioning of older adults (Ball et al., 2002). This systematic review aims to examine the association between cognitive training andcognitive reserve and to determine if the former serves a role as a socio-behavioural proxyfor cognitive reserve. Three databases were used: Scopus, B-On and PubMed. The reviewed literature states that cognitive training is not a Socio-Behavioral proxy for cognitive reserve. Rather, it stimulates pre-existing processes that underlay cognitive reservewhich in turn modulates the efficacy of cognitive training in improving certain cognitivefunctions. However, cognitive reserve was viewed as adquired throughout one’s life; theneural dynamics which are intrinsically connected with the concept of cognitive reservethat may have been induced by a cognitive training program in older individuals were not adequately measured nor taken into account in any of the reviewed studies. |
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The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic ReviewCognitionCognitive ReserveCognitive TrainingSocio-Behavioral ProxyDomínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::PsicologiaCognitive reserve (CR) is, considered to be, a mechanism that protects against significantmental decline. It is based on the concept that proxies such as education, complexityof professional occupation and cognitive stimulating activities increases one’s resistance toageor disease-related brain changes and cognition. It designates the brain’s capacity toadaptand cope with changes related to age or pathology without developing cognitive impairment. (Cheng, 2014; Stern et al., 2020; Tucker and Stern, 2011 as cited by Song, Stern &Gu, 2022). Conversely, cognitive training is the repeated and structured practice of tasks whichaimatimproving, maintaining, or restoring mental function (Valenzuela & Sachdev,2009). Variousstudies suggest that cognitive training provided later in life can be used as a protectivetool against cognitive decline. Different types of cognitive training programs have beenshowntohave large and durable effects on the cognitive functioning of older adults (Ball et al., 2002). This systematic review aims to examine the association between cognitive training andcognitive reserve and to determine if the former serves a role as a socio-behavioural proxyfor cognitive reserve. Three databases were used: Scopus, B-On and PubMed. The reviewed literature states that cognitive training is not a Socio-Behavioral proxy for cognitive reserve. Rather, it stimulates pre-existing processes that underlay cognitive reservewhich in turn modulates the efficacy of cognitive training in improving certain cognitivefunctions. However, cognitive reserve was viewed as adquired throughout one’s life; theneural dynamics which are intrinsically connected with the concept of cognitive reservethat may have been induced by a cognitive training program in older individuals were not adequately measured nor taken into account in any of the reviewed studies.A Reserva Cognitiva (RC) é considerada ser um mecanismo que protege contra declíniomental significativo. É baseada no conceito que fatores como educação, complexidadedaocupação profesional e atividades cognitivamente estimulantes aumentama resistênciaamudanças cognitivas e cerebrais relacionadas com a idade ou doença. É a denominaçãodadaà capacidade do cérebro em se adaptar e lidar com mudanças derivadas da idadeoupatologia sem o desenvolvimento de deficiência cognitiva (Cheng, 2014; Stern et al., 2020; Tucker and Stern, 2011 citado por Song, Stern & Gu, 2022). Por outro lado, treino cognitivo é a prática estruturada e repetida de tarefas como objetivode melhorar, manter ou restaurar a função cognitiva (Valenzuela & Sachdev,2009). Váriosestudos sugerem que o treino cognitivo fornecido mais tarde na vida pode ser utilizadocomouma ferramenta contra o declínio cognitivo. Diferentes tipos de programas de treinocognitivo têm demonstrado ter efeitos significativos e duradouros no funcionamentocognitivo de adultos idosos (Ball et al., 2002). Esta revisão sistemática de literatura tem como objetivo examinar a associação entre treinocognitivo e reserva cognitiva e determinar se a primeira funciona como umfator socio- comportamental contribuinte para a reserva cognitiva. Três bases de dados foramutilizados: Scopus,B-On e PubMed. A literatura revista afirma que treino cognitivo não é um fator que contribua para a reservacognitiva. Mas estimula processos pre-existentes que fundamentam a reserva cognitivaque, por sua vez, modulam a eficácia do treino cognitivo na melhoria de certas funções cognitivas. Contudo, a reserva cognitiva foi vista como uma aquisição ao longo de vida do individuo; adinâmica neural que está intrinsecamente ligada ao conceito de reserva cognitiva que podeter sido induzida pelo treino cognitivo em indivíduos idosos não foramadequadamentemedidos ou tomados em conta em nenhum dos estudos revistos.Rodrigues, Paulo Joaquim Fonseca da Silva FarinhaNascimento, Carla Sofia Lucas douBibliorumLourenço, Carlos Cardoso2024-01-29T14:48:09Z2022-07-202022-07-042022-07-20T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/14218TID:203483863enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-31T02:32:30Zoai:ubibliorum.ubi.pt:10400.6/14218Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T01:59:20.581569Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review |
title |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review |
spellingShingle |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review Lourenço, Carlos Cardoso Cognition Cognitive Reserve Cognitive Training Socio-Behavioral Proxy Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia |
title_short |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review |
title_full |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review |
title_sort |
The Connection between Cognitive Training and Cognitive Reserve: A Systematic Review |
author |
Lourenço, Carlos Cardoso |
author_facet |
Lourenço, Carlos Cardoso |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Rodrigues, Paulo Joaquim Fonseca da Silva Farinha Nascimento, Carla Sofia Lucas do uBibliorum |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lourenço, Carlos Cardoso |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Cognition Cognitive Reserve Cognitive Training Socio-Behavioral Proxy Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia |
topic |
Cognition Cognitive Reserve Cognitive Training Socio-Behavioral Proxy Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia |
description |
Cognitive reserve (CR) is, considered to be, a mechanism that protects against significantmental decline. It is based on the concept that proxies such as education, complexityof professional occupation and cognitive stimulating activities increases one’s resistance toageor disease-related brain changes and cognition. It designates the brain’s capacity toadaptand cope with changes related to age or pathology without developing cognitive impairment. (Cheng, 2014; Stern et al., 2020; Tucker and Stern, 2011 as cited by Song, Stern &Gu, 2022). Conversely, cognitive training is the repeated and structured practice of tasks whichaimatimproving, maintaining, or restoring mental function (Valenzuela & Sachdev,2009). Variousstudies suggest that cognitive training provided later in life can be used as a protectivetool against cognitive decline. Different types of cognitive training programs have beenshowntohave large and durable effects on the cognitive functioning of older adults (Ball et al., 2002). This systematic review aims to examine the association between cognitive training andcognitive reserve and to determine if the former serves a role as a socio-behavioural proxyfor cognitive reserve. Three databases were used: Scopus, B-On and PubMed. The reviewed literature states that cognitive training is not a Socio-Behavioral proxy for cognitive reserve. Rather, it stimulates pre-existing processes that underlay cognitive reservewhich in turn modulates the efficacy of cognitive training in improving certain cognitivefunctions. However, cognitive reserve was viewed as adquired throughout one’s life; theneural dynamics which are intrinsically connected with the concept of cognitive reservethat may have been induced by a cognitive training program in older individuals were not adequately measured nor taken into account in any of the reviewed studies. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-20 2022-07-04 2022-07-20T00:00:00Z 2024-01-29T14:48:09Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/14218 TID:203483863 |
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eng |
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openAccess |
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