Effects of pelvic floor muscles training on prevention and treatment of stress urinary incontinence in pregnant

• Autor(a) principal: Pires, Telma Filipa Rodrigues Pereira
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16541
• topic: Fisioterapia; Gravidez; Exercício físico

Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common type of urinary incontinence (UI) in pregnant women and is known to have detrimental effects on the quality of life (QoL). Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is considered the first-line treatment and prevention of SUI in pregnant women. Since there are few randomized controlled trial studies (RCT) in this population, it is important to check the effectiveness of another randomized protocol of the PFMT. Objectives: This study aimed to verify the effects of PFMT between the Intervention Group (IG) and the Control Group (CG) and exploring the effects with and without PFMT, in pregnant women. Methods: Participated in this RCT, pregnant women (aged 21-44 years), having been applied two questionnaires: King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ's) and Broome Pelvic Muscle self-efficacy Scale. The amount of urine was assessed using the modified pad test (20 minutes) and the muscular strength of the Pelvic Floor Muscles (PFM) was measured with Oxford Grading Scale. There were two moments of assessment, T1: 1st time of evaluation (pre- delivery) and T2: 2nd time of evaluation (6 weeks after delivery). The IG was added an exercise plan with duration of six weeks, applicable in Preparation for childbirth classes and at home exercise plan for 9 weeks. Results:The loss of urine, quantified by the Pad test significantly reduced, 0.86±0.83at T1 to 0.50±0.67at T2 in IG (p= 0.021). The degree of muscle contraction, measured by the Oxford Grading Scale, increased significantly in IG (p<0.001) from 3.59±0.85 to 4.82 ± 0:39 and did not change significantly in the CG (p=0.609). The total KHQ and severity of symptoms were observed significant improvements in both groups (p <0.05). As for the scale of Broome - Total scale women's IG improved significantly (p = 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively) while in CG women no significant change (p> 0.05). Conclusion: PFMT can prevent and treat SUI, and recommend strength training of the PFM during pregnancy, two times per week for at least 6-9 weeks, making it extremely relevant for clinical practice.