CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2172 |
Resumo: | The aftermath of WWII not only marked the beginning of a new geopolitical order but also once again brought discourses of architecture and planning back to the frontline of the confrontations between the West and the Soviet blocs. Although the immediate need for post-war reconstruction left almost no time for contextual theoretical development in architectural and planning principles, the “occupied” and “liberated” territories became laboratories in which the new concepts of urban form, domestic architecture, and forms of life were tested. During 1945–1967 Tehran became one these experimental grounds in which these planning principles were tested and implemented; a battleground where the socialist and the capitalist ideologies met. The key to this urban development project was an ideologically charged repercussion of the CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) discourse, specifically on Existenzminimum (1929) and Rationelle Bebauungsweisen (1930). While the CIAM’s agenda had already found its way to Iran through one of its founding members, Gabriel Guevrekian, it became operative through the activities of the Association of Iranian Architects who were in charge of major housing developments in Tehran since 1945. Thus, CIAM guidelines were translated into building codes, regulations, and protocols that had the fundamental role in shaping the Middle East’s first modern metropolis. New housing models were developed and proposed by the Association of Iranian Architects that cut ties with the traditional typologies and proposed a radically new urban form, architecture, and forms of life. This project at large, of course, was not politically neutral. This article reviews the role of two protagonists in introducing and revisiting the CIAM discourse in shaping the post-war neighbourhoods and housing typologies in Tehran. |
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CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unitaffordable housing; Association of Iranian Architects; CIAM; Existenzminimum; Gabriel Guevrekian; mass housing; Silvio Macetti; Société Générale de Construction en Iran; Tehran; Tudeh PartyThe aftermath of WWII not only marked the beginning of a new geopolitical order but also once again brought discourses of architecture and planning back to the frontline of the confrontations between the West and the Soviet blocs. Although the immediate need for post-war reconstruction left almost no time for contextual theoretical development in architectural and planning principles, the “occupied” and “liberated” territories became laboratories in which the new concepts of urban form, domestic architecture, and forms of life were tested. During 1945–1967 Tehran became one these experimental grounds in which these planning principles were tested and implemented; a battleground where the socialist and the capitalist ideologies met. The key to this urban development project was an ideologically charged repercussion of the CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) discourse, specifically on Existenzminimum (1929) and Rationelle Bebauungsweisen (1930). While the CIAM’s agenda had already found its way to Iran through one of its founding members, Gabriel Guevrekian, it became operative through the activities of the Association of Iranian Architects who were in charge of major housing developments in Tehran since 1945. Thus, CIAM guidelines were translated into building codes, regulations, and protocols that had the fundamental role in shaping the Middle East’s first modern metropolis. New housing models were developed and proposed by the Association of Iranian Architects that cut ties with the traditional typologies and proposed a radically new urban form, architecture, and forms of life. This project at large, of course, was not politically neutral. This article reviews the role of two protagonists in introducing and revisiting the CIAM discourse in shaping the post-war neighbourhoods and housing typologies in Tehran.Cogitatio2019-09-30info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2172oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/2172Urban Planning; Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Housing Builds Cities; 154-1662183-7635reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/2172https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2172https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/2172/2172Copyright (c) 2019 Hamed Khosravihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessKhosravi, Hamed2022-12-20T10:59:25Zoai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/2172Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:21:41.021704Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit |
title |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit |
spellingShingle |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit Khosravi, Hamed affordable housing; Association of Iranian Architects; CIAM; Existenzminimum; Gabriel Guevrekian; mass housing; Silvio Macetti; Société Générale de Construction en Iran; Tehran; Tudeh Party |
title_short |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit |
title_full |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit |
title_fullStr |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit |
title_full_unstemmed |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit |
title_sort |
CIAM Goes East: The Inception of Tehran’s Typical Housing Unit |
author |
Khosravi, Hamed |
author_facet |
Khosravi, Hamed |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Khosravi, Hamed |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
affordable housing; Association of Iranian Architects; CIAM; Existenzminimum; Gabriel Guevrekian; mass housing; Silvio Macetti; Société Générale de Construction en Iran; Tehran; Tudeh Party |
topic |
affordable housing; Association of Iranian Architects; CIAM; Existenzminimum; Gabriel Guevrekian; mass housing; Silvio Macetti; Société Générale de Construction en Iran; Tehran; Tudeh Party |
description |
The aftermath of WWII not only marked the beginning of a new geopolitical order but also once again brought discourses of architecture and planning back to the frontline of the confrontations between the West and the Soviet blocs. Although the immediate need for post-war reconstruction left almost no time for contextual theoretical development in architectural and planning principles, the “occupied” and “liberated” territories became laboratories in which the new concepts of urban form, domestic architecture, and forms of life were tested. During 1945–1967 Tehran became one these experimental grounds in which these planning principles were tested and implemented; a battleground where the socialist and the capitalist ideologies met. The key to this urban development project was an ideologically charged repercussion of the CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) discourse, specifically on Existenzminimum (1929) and Rationelle Bebauungsweisen (1930). While the CIAM’s agenda had already found its way to Iran through one of its founding members, Gabriel Guevrekian, it became operative through the activities of the Association of Iranian Architects who were in charge of major housing developments in Tehran since 1945. Thus, CIAM guidelines were translated into building codes, regulations, and protocols that had the fundamental role in shaping the Middle East’s first modern metropolis. New housing models were developed and proposed by the Association of Iranian Architects that cut ties with the traditional typologies and proposed a radically new urban form, architecture, and forms of life. This project at large, of course, was not politically neutral. This article reviews the role of two protagonists in introducing and revisiting the CIAM discourse in shaping the post-war neighbourhoods and housing typologies in Tehran. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-09-30 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2172 oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/2172 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2172 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/2172 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/2172 https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i3.2172 https://www.cogitatiopress.com/urbanplanning/article/view/2172/2172 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2019 Hamed Khosravi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2019 Hamed Khosravi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Urban Planning; Vol 4, No 3 (2019): Housing Builds Cities; 154-166 2183-7635 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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