Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Nunes, A.
Data de Publicação: 2014
Outros Autores: Gomes, João Paulo
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2973
Resumo: The Chlamydiaceae are a family of obligate intracellular bacteria characterized by a unique biphasic developmental cycle. It encompasses the single genus Chlamydia, which involves nine species that affect a wide range of vertebral hosts, causing infections with serious impact on human health (mainly due to Chlamydia trachomatis infections) and on farming and veterinary industries. It is believed that Chlamydiales originated 700 mya, whereas C. trachomatis likely split from the other Chlamydiaceae during the last 6 mya. This corresponds to the emergence of modern human lineages, with the first descriptions of chlamydial infections as ancient as four millennia. Chlamydiaceae have undergone a massive genome reduction, on behalf of the deletional bias ‘‘use it or lose it’’, stabilizing at 1–1.2 Mb and keeping a striking genome synteny. Their phylogeny reveals species segregation according to biological properties, with huge differences in terms of host range, tissue tropism, and disease outcomes. Genome differences rely on the occurrence of mutations in the >700 orthologous genes, as well as on events of recombination, gene loss, inversion, and paralogous expansion, affecting both a hypervariable region named the plasticity zone, and genes essentially encoding polymorphic and transmembrane head membrane proteins, type III secretion effectors and some metabolic pathways. Procedures for molecular typing are still not consensual but have allowed the knowledge of molecular epidemiology patterns for some species as well as the identification of outbreaks and emergence of successful clones for C. trachomatis. This manuscript intends to provide a comprehensive review on the evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia.
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spelling Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of ChlamydiaChlamydiaEvolutionPhylogenyTaxonomyMolecular EpidemiologyInfecções Sexualmente TransmissíveisThe Chlamydiaceae are a family of obligate intracellular bacteria characterized by a unique biphasic developmental cycle. It encompasses the single genus Chlamydia, which involves nine species that affect a wide range of vertebral hosts, causing infections with serious impact on human health (mainly due to Chlamydia trachomatis infections) and on farming and veterinary industries. It is believed that Chlamydiales originated 700 mya, whereas C. trachomatis likely split from the other Chlamydiaceae during the last 6 mya. This corresponds to the emergence of modern human lineages, with the first descriptions of chlamydial infections as ancient as four millennia. Chlamydiaceae have undergone a massive genome reduction, on behalf of the deletional bias ‘‘use it or lose it’’, stabilizing at 1–1.2 Mb and keeping a striking genome synteny. Their phylogeny reveals species segregation according to biological properties, with huge differences in terms of host range, tissue tropism, and disease outcomes. Genome differences rely on the occurrence of mutations in the >700 orthologous genes, as well as on events of recombination, gene loss, inversion, and paralogous expansion, affecting both a hypervariable region named the plasticity zone, and genes essentially encoding polymorphic and transmembrane head membrane proteins, type III secretion effectors and some metabolic pathways. Procedures for molecular typing are still not consensual but have allowed the knowledge of molecular epidemiology patterns for some species as well as the identification of outbreaks and emergence of successful clones for C. trachomatis. This manuscript intends to provide a comprehensive review on the evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia.ElsevierRepositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de SaúdeNunes, A.Gomes, João Paulo2015-02-26T18:16:37Z2014-042014-04-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2973engInfect Genet Evol. 2014 Apr;23:49-64. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.029. Epub 2014 Feb 51567-134810.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.029info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-20T15:39:32Zoai:repositorio.insa.pt:10400.18/2973Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T18:37:55.018013Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
title Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
spellingShingle Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
Nunes, A.
Chlamydia
Evolution
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
Molecular Epidemiology
Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
title_short Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
title_full Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
title_fullStr Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
title_full_unstemmed Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
title_sort Evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia
author Nunes, A.
author_facet Nunes, A.
Gomes, João Paulo
author_role author
author2 Gomes, João Paulo
author2_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Nunes, A.
Gomes, João Paulo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Chlamydia
Evolution
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
Molecular Epidemiology
Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
topic Chlamydia
Evolution
Phylogeny
Taxonomy
Molecular Epidemiology
Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
description The Chlamydiaceae are a family of obligate intracellular bacteria characterized by a unique biphasic developmental cycle. It encompasses the single genus Chlamydia, which involves nine species that affect a wide range of vertebral hosts, causing infections with serious impact on human health (mainly due to Chlamydia trachomatis infections) and on farming and veterinary industries. It is believed that Chlamydiales originated 700 mya, whereas C. trachomatis likely split from the other Chlamydiaceae during the last 6 mya. This corresponds to the emergence of modern human lineages, with the first descriptions of chlamydial infections as ancient as four millennia. Chlamydiaceae have undergone a massive genome reduction, on behalf of the deletional bias ‘‘use it or lose it’’, stabilizing at 1–1.2 Mb and keeping a striking genome synteny. Their phylogeny reveals species segregation according to biological properties, with huge differences in terms of host range, tissue tropism, and disease outcomes. Genome differences rely on the occurrence of mutations in the >700 orthologous genes, as well as on events of recombination, gene loss, inversion, and paralogous expansion, affecting both a hypervariable region named the plasticity zone, and genes essentially encoding polymorphic and transmembrane head membrane proteins, type III secretion effectors and some metabolic pathways. Procedures for molecular typing are still not consensual but have allowed the knowledge of molecular epidemiology patterns for some species as well as the identification of outbreaks and emergence of successful clones for C. trachomatis. This manuscript intends to provide a comprehensive review on the evolution, phylogeny, and molecular epidemiology of Chlamydia.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014-04
2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
2015-02-26T18:16:37Z
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url http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/2973
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dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Apr;23:49-64. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.029. Epub 2014 Feb 5
1567-1348
10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.029
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