Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/19807 |
Resumo: | The increasing use of cosmetics by the population around the world, particularly in developed countries, has led to a huge demand for new ingredients obtained from natural sources due to their richness in bioactive compounds associated with skin benefits as well as new concerns related with the environment. This is particularly the case of extracts obtained from the shell of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shells that have been investigated as a new potential cosmetic ingredient. This by-product results from chestnut production and presents a bioactive composition rich in antioxidant compounds (such as catechin or gallic acid), which are of great interest for the cosmetic field. However, it is fundamental to guarantee that the extracts coming from shells, or from any other food by-product, are safe for consumers. Therefore, the principal goal of this work was to monitor the presence of some compounds present in the Regulation (EC) nº 1223/2009, concerning cosmetic products, in chestnut shells and chestnut shells extracts obtained by green extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE)). Considering this, the presence of organochlorines (OCPs), pyrethroids (PYRs) and organophosphorus (OPPs) pesticides families was evaluated in the chestnut shells as well as in the SWE and UAE extracts. For the analysis in the chestnut shells, the QuEChERS analytical method for contaminant extraction was developed and optimized. The optimization of this method was done in the cleaning step, where different sorbent combinations were tested, namely Cleanup 1 (CL1), Cleanup 2 (CL2) and Cleanup 3 (CL3). After analysing the recovery values and the matrix effect obtained when used the different combinations, it was concluded that CL2 offers better results for the OCPs and PYRs studies, while CL3 lids to better results for the OPPs. After validation, this method was applied to real samples and the obtained extracts were injected in the pesticide detection equipment, namely gas chromatograph with electron capture detector and gas chromatograph with the photometric flame detector. Although some compounds were detected, part of them were in concentrations below the limit of detection and, therefore, were considered as not detectable. The others, despite being present in concentrations between the limits of detection and quantification or even higher, are below the maximum residue limits defined by the European Union for chestnuts. Finally, the analysis of the extracts from the chestnut shells was performed. To prepare samples of these extracts, for subsequent analysis in gas chromatography, the solid-phase extraction method was used. Contrary to what was done regarding QuEChERS method, this methodology did not undergo any optimisation and consequent validation, since the analysis of these liquid extracts served only as a confirmation of the results obtained for the chestnut shells. Nevertheless, it should have been done in order to ensure that the method applied was the most appropriate for this purpose. This work allows to conclude that, partly similar to what was obtained for the chestnut shells, the UAE and SWE chestnuts extracts are free of pesticides, namely OCPs, PYRs and OPPs, thus being safe for a possible application in cosmetic products. |
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Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes AtivosCosmetic Product Safety Evaluation: Research of Contaminantsin Extracts Used as Active IngredientsOrganochlorinesPyrethroidsOrganophosphatesQuEChERSSolid-phase extractionGas ChromatographyChestnut shellCosmetic IndustryOrganocloradosPiretróidesOrganofosforadosExtração em fase sólidaCromatografia GasosaCasca da castanhaIndústria da CosméticaThe increasing use of cosmetics by the population around the world, particularly in developed countries, has led to a huge demand for new ingredients obtained from natural sources due to their richness in bioactive compounds associated with skin benefits as well as new concerns related with the environment. This is particularly the case of extracts obtained from the shell of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shells that have been investigated as a new potential cosmetic ingredient. This by-product results from chestnut production and presents a bioactive composition rich in antioxidant compounds (such as catechin or gallic acid), which are of great interest for the cosmetic field. However, it is fundamental to guarantee that the extracts coming from shells, or from any other food by-product, are safe for consumers. Therefore, the principal goal of this work was to monitor the presence of some compounds present in the Regulation (EC) nº 1223/2009, concerning cosmetic products, in chestnut shells and chestnut shells extracts obtained by green extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE)). Considering this, the presence of organochlorines (OCPs), pyrethroids (PYRs) and organophosphorus (OPPs) pesticides families was evaluated in the chestnut shells as well as in the SWE and UAE extracts. For the analysis in the chestnut shells, the QuEChERS analytical method for contaminant extraction was developed and optimized. The optimization of this method was done in the cleaning step, where different sorbent combinations were tested, namely Cleanup 1 (CL1), Cleanup 2 (CL2) and Cleanup 3 (CL3). After analysing the recovery values and the matrix effect obtained when used the different combinations, it was concluded that CL2 offers better results for the OCPs and PYRs studies, while CL3 lids to better results for the OPPs. After validation, this method was applied to real samples and the obtained extracts were injected in the pesticide detection equipment, namely gas chromatograph with electron capture detector and gas chromatograph with the photometric flame detector. Although some compounds were detected, part of them were in concentrations below the limit of detection and, therefore, were considered as not detectable. The others, despite being present in concentrations between the limits of detection and quantification or even higher, are below the maximum residue limits defined by the European Union for chestnuts. Finally, the analysis of the extracts from the chestnut shells was performed. To prepare samples of these extracts, for subsequent analysis in gas chromatography, the solid-phase extraction method was used. Contrary to what was done regarding QuEChERS method, this methodology did not undergo any optimisation and consequent validation, since the analysis of these liquid extracts served only as a confirmation of the results obtained for the chestnut shells. Nevertheless, it should have been done in order to ensure that the method applied was the most appropriate for this purpose. This work allows to conclude that, partly similar to what was obtained for the chestnut shells, the UAE and SWE chestnuts extracts are free of pesticides, namely OCPs, PYRs and OPPs, thus being safe for a possible application in cosmetic products.Associado ao crescente consumo de produtos cosméticos e de higiene, tem-se verificado um aumento da procura de produtos de origem natural, comumente associados a diversos benefícios, quer para a saúde do consumidor, quer para o meio ambiente. Com efeito, a indústria cosmética tem vindo a expandir este campo de pesquisa e inovação, adotando o uso de extratos com origem natural como ingredientes ativos. Um dos extratos com potencial para vir a ser incorporado em produtos cosméticos é proveniente da casca da castanha. Este subproduto, resultante da produção da castanha, apresenta uma composição bioativa rica em compostos antioxidantes, os quais se revestem de interesse para a indústria cosmética devido aos seus efeitos ao nível da pele (a título exemplificado, a ação antienvelhecimento). No entanto, é fundamental garantir que os extratos provenientes de subprodutos como a casca da castanha, são seguros e, nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho que assentou na monitorização de alguns compostos presentes no Regulamento (CE) nº 1223/2009, relativo aos produtos cosméticos, na casca da castanha e em extratos da casca de castanha obtidos através de técnicas verdes (extração assistida por ultra-sons (UAE, do inglês ultrasound-assisted extraction ) e extracção subcrítica de água (SWE, do inglês subcritical water extraction )) Nesta dissertação, avaliou-se a presença de pesticidas da família dos organoclorados (OCPs, do inglês organochlorines pesticides), piretróides (PYRs, do inglês pyrethroids) e organofosforados (OPPs, do inglês organophosphorus pesticides) na casca da castanha e, posteriormente, nos extratos obtidos através de SWE e UAE a partir da mesma. Para a análise na casca da castanha, desenvolveu-se e otimizou-se o método analítico QuEChERS para a extração de pesticidas. A otimização deste método foi feita na etapa de limpeza, onde foram testadas diferentes combinações de sorbentes: Cleanup 1 (CL1), Cleanup 2 (CL2) e Cleanup 3 (CL3). Após analisados os valores de recuperação e o efeito matriz obtido quando utilizadas as diferentes combinações, concluiu-se que, para o estudo dos OCPs e PYRs, o CL2 oferece os melhores resultados, enquanto para os OPPs é o CL3. Após validação, este método foi aplicado em amostras reais e os extratos obtidos injetados nos equipamentos de deteção de pesticidas: cromatógrafo gasoso com um detetor de captura de eletrões e cromatógrafo gasoso com um detetor fotométrico de chama. Apesar de terem sido detetados alguns compostos, parte destes apresentava-se em concentrações inferiores ao limite de deteção e, por isso, foram considerados como não detetáveis. Os restantes, apesar de estarem presentes em concentrações entre os limites de deteção e de quantificação ou até superiores, estão abaixo dos limites máximos de resíduos definidos pela União Europeia para as castanhas. Por fim, foi feita a análise dos extratos provenientes da casca de castanha. Para a preparação de amostras destes extratos, para posterior análise em cromatografia gasosa, utilizou-se o método de extração em fase sólida. Contrariamente ao que foi feito com o método de QuEChERS, este método não sofreu qualquer otimização e consequente validação, uma vez que a análise a estes extratos líquidos serviu apenas como confirmação dos resultados obtidos para a casca de castanha. Deste modo, concluiu-se que, em parte semelhante ao que foi obtido para a casca de castanha, os extratos provenientes desta estão isentos de pesticidas (OCPs, PYRs e OPPs), sendo assim seguros para uma possível utilização em produtos cosméticos.Domingues, Valentina Maria FernandesRepositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do PortoPina, Mariana Almeida20212024-11-03T00:00:00Z2021-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/19807TID:202796841enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-03-13T13:14:42Zoai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/19807Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T17:39:52.855818Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos Cosmetic Product Safety Evaluation: Research of Contaminantsin Extracts Used as Active Ingredients |
title |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos Pina, Mariana Almeida Organochlorines Pyrethroids Organophosphates QuEChERS Solid-phase extraction Gas Chromatography Chestnut shell Cosmetic Industry Organoclorados Piretróides Organofosforados Extração em fase sólida Cromatografia Gasosa Casca da castanha Indústria da Cosmética |
title_short |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos |
title_full |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos |
title_sort |
Avaliação da Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos: Pesquisa de Contaminantes em Extractos Usados como Ingredientes Ativos |
author |
Pina, Mariana Almeida |
author_facet |
Pina, Mariana Almeida |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Domingues, Valentina Maria Fernandes Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pina, Mariana Almeida |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Organochlorines Pyrethroids Organophosphates QuEChERS Solid-phase extraction Gas Chromatography Chestnut shell Cosmetic Industry Organoclorados Piretróides Organofosforados Extração em fase sólida Cromatografia Gasosa Casca da castanha Indústria da Cosmética |
topic |
Organochlorines Pyrethroids Organophosphates QuEChERS Solid-phase extraction Gas Chromatography Chestnut shell Cosmetic Industry Organoclorados Piretróides Organofosforados Extração em fase sólida Cromatografia Gasosa Casca da castanha Indústria da Cosmética |
description |
The increasing use of cosmetics by the population around the world, particularly in developed countries, has led to a huge demand for new ingredients obtained from natural sources due to their richness in bioactive compounds associated with skin benefits as well as new concerns related with the environment. This is particularly the case of extracts obtained from the shell of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shells that have been investigated as a new potential cosmetic ingredient. This by-product results from chestnut production and presents a bioactive composition rich in antioxidant compounds (such as catechin or gallic acid), which are of great interest for the cosmetic field. However, it is fundamental to guarantee that the extracts coming from shells, or from any other food by-product, are safe for consumers. Therefore, the principal goal of this work was to monitor the presence of some compounds present in the Regulation (EC) nº 1223/2009, concerning cosmetic products, in chestnut shells and chestnut shells extracts obtained by green extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE)). Considering this, the presence of organochlorines (OCPs), pyrethroids (PYRs) and organophosphorus (OPPs) pesticides families was evaluated in the chestnut shells as well as in the SWE and UAE extracts. For the analysis in the chestnut shells, the QuEChERS analytical method for contaminant extraction was developed and optimized. The optimization of this method was done in the cleaning step, where different sorbent combinations were tested, namely Cleanup 1 (CL1), Cleanup 2 (CL2) and Cleanup 3 (CL3). After analysing the recovery values and the matrix effect obtained when used the different combinations, it was concluded that CL2 offers better results for the OCPs and PYRs studies, while CL3 lids to better results for the OPPs. After validation, this method was applied to real samples and the obtained extracts were injected in the pesticide detection equipment, namely gas chromatograph with electron capture detector and gas chromatograph with the photometric flame detector. Although some compounds were detected, part of them were in concentrations below the limit of detection and, therefore, were considered as not detectable. The others, despite being present in concentrations between the limits of detection and quantification or even higher, are below the maximum residue limits defined by the European Union for chestnuts. Finally, the analysis of the extracts from the chestnut shells was performed. To prepare samples of these extracts, for subsequent analysis in gas chromatography, the solid-phase extraction method was used. Contrary to what was done regarding QuEChERS method, this methodology did not undergo any optimisation and consequent validation, since the analysis of these liquid extracts served only as a confirmation of the results obtained for the chestnut shells. Nevertheless, it should have been done in order to ensure that the method applied was the most appropriate for this purpose. This work allows to conclude that, partly similar to what was obtained for the chestnut shells, the UAE and SWE chestnuts extracts are free of pesticides, namely OCPs, PYRs and OPPs, thus being safe for a possible application in cosmetic products. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z 2024-11-03T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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