Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2011 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/1822/67449 |
Resumo: | The importance of fostering the development of empathy in undergraduate students is continuously emphasized in international recommendations for medical education. Paradoxically, some studies in the North-American context using self-reported measures have found that empathy declines during undergraduate medical training. Empathy is also known to be gender dependent- (highest for female medical students) and related to specialty preference - (higher in patient-oriented than technology-oriented specialties). This factor has not been studied in Portuguese medical schools. Background The importance of fostering the development of empathy in undergraduate students is continuously emphasized in international recommendations for medical education. Paradoxically, some studies in the North-American context using self-reported measures have found that empathy declines during undergraduate medical training. Empathy is also known to be gender dependent- (highest for female medical students) and related to specialty preference - (higher in patient-oriented than technology-oriented specialties). This factor has not been studied in Portuguese medical schools. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of undergraduate medical students on self-rated measures of empathy collected at entrance and at the conclusion of the medical degree, and on the association of empathy measures with gender and specialty preferences in one medical school in Portugal. Empathy was assessed using the Portuguese adaptation of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-students version (JSPE-spv) among three cohorts of undergraduate medical students in the first (N = 356) and last (N = 120) year. The construct validity of JSPE-spv was cross-validated with Principal Component Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach' Alpha. Global JSPE-spv score differences were examined by year of medical school, gender and specialty preferences (people-oriented vs technology-oriented specialties). Results The empathy scores of students in the final year were higher as compared to first year students (F (1,387) = 19.33, p < .001, ɳ2 p = 0.48; π = 0.99). Female students had higher empathy scores than male students (F (1,387) = 8.82, p < .01, ɳ 2 p = 0.23; π = 0.84). Significant differences in empathy were not found between the students who prefer people-oriented specialties compared to those who favor the technology-oriented specialties (F (1,387) = 2.44, p = .12, ɳ 2 p = 0.06; π = 0.06). Conclusions This cross-sectional study in one medical school in Portugal showed that the empathy measures of senior year students were higher than the scores of freshmen. A longitudinal cohort study is needed to test variations in students' empathy measures throughout medical school. |
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Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional studyCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMalePortugalStudents, MedicalEducation, Medical, UndergraduateEmpathyCiências Médicas::Outras Ciências MédicasCiências Sociais::Ciências da EducaçãoSocial SciencesThe importance of fostering the development of empathy in undergraduate students is continuously emphasized in international recommendations for medical education. Paradoxically, some studies in the North-American context using self-reported measures have found that empathy declines during undergraduate medical training. Empathy is also known to be gender dependent- (highest for female medical students) and related to specialty preference - (higher in patient-oriented than technology-oriented specialties). This factor has not been studied in Portuguese medical schools. Background The importance of fostering the development of empathy in undergraduate students is continuously emphasized in international recommendations for medical education. Paradoxically, some studies in the North-American context using self-reported measures have found that empathy declines during undergraduate medical training. Empathy is also known to be gender dependent- (highest for female medical students) and related to specialty preference - (higher in patient-oriented than technology-oriented specialties). This factor has not been studied in Portuguese medical schools. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of undergraduate medical students on self-rated measures of empathy collected at entrance and at the conclusion of the medical degree, and on the association of empathy measures with gender and specialty preferences in one medical school in Portugal. Empathy was assessed using the Portuguese adaptation of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-students version (JSPE-spv) among three cohorts of undergraduate medical students in the first (N = 356) and last (N = 120) year. The construct validity of JSPE-spv was cross-validated with Principal Component Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach' Alpha. Global JSPE-spv score differences were examined by year of medical school, gender and specialty preferences (people-oriented vs technology-oriented specialties). Results The empathy scores of students in the final year were higher as compared to first year students (F (1,387) = 19.33, p < .001, ɳ2 p = 0.48; π = 0.99). Female students had higher empathy scores than male students (F (1,387) = 8.82, p < .01, ɳ 2 p = 0.23; π = 0.84). Significant differences in empathy were not found between the students who prefer people-oriented specialties compared to those who favor the technology-oriented specialties (F (1,387) = 2.44, p = .12, ɳ 2 p = 0.06; π = 0.06). Conclusions This cross-sectional study in one medical school in Portugal showed that the empathy measures of senior year students were higher than the scores of freshmen. A longitudinal cohort study is needed to test variations in students' empathy measures throughout medical school.The authors are grateful to Drs Joseph Gonnella and Mohammadreza Hojat,from the Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care(Jefferson Medical College, USA) for their support and insightful comments.They would also like to thank Dr. Andre de Champlain, from the NationalBoard of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (USA) for methodological adviceand Dr. John Yaphe, from the School of Health Sciences of the University ofMinho for critically reviewing the text. The authors thank Jefferson MedicalCollege for permission to adapt the original JSPE. The authors thank allstudents who participated in this study.This work is sponsored by a grant from the Portuguese Foundation forScience and Technology - project PTDC/ESC/65116/2006.BioMed Central (BMC)Universidade do MinhoMagalhães, EuniceSalgueira, APCosta, Patrício SoaresCosta, Manuel João2011-072011-07-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/1822/67449engMagalhães, E., Salgueira, A. P., Costa, P., & Costa, M. J. (2011). Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC medical education, 11(1), 521472-692010.1186/1472-6920-11-5221801365https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1472-6920-11-52info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-21T12:52:18Zoai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/67449Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T19:51:22.352327Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study |
title |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study |
spellingShingle |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study Magalhães, Eunice Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Portugal Students, Medical Education, Medical, Undergraduate Empathy Ciências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Educação Social Sciences |
title_short |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study |
title_full |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study |
title_sort |
Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study |
author |
Magalhães, Eunice |
author_facet |
Magalhães, Eunice Salgueira, AP Costa, Patrício Soares Costa, Manuel João |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Salgueira, AP Costa, Patrício Soares Costa, Manuel João |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Minho |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Magalhães, Eunice Salgueira, AP Costa, Patrício Soares Costa, Manuel João |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Portugal Students, Medical Education, Medical, Undergraduate Empathy Ciências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Educação Social Sciences |
topic |
Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Portugal Students, Medical Education, Medical, Undergraduate Empathy Ciências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Educação Social Sciences |
description |
The importance of fostering the development of empathy in undergraduate students is continuously emphasized in international recommendations for medical education. Paradoxically, some studies in the North-American context using self-reported measures have found that empathy declines during undergraduate medical training. Empathy is also known to be gender dependent- (highest for female medical students) and related to specialty preference - (higher in patient-oriented than technology-oriented specialties). This factor has not been studied in Portuguese medical schools. Background The importance of fostering the development of empathy in undergraduate students is continuously emphasized in international recommendations for medical education. Paradoxically, some studies in the North-American context using self-reported measures have found that empathy declines during undergraduate medical training. Empathy is also known to be gender dependent- (highest for female medical students) and related to specialty preference - (higher in patient-oriented than technology-oriented specialties). This factor has not been studied in Portuguese medical schools. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of undergraduate medical students on self-rated measures of empathy collected at entrance and at the conclusion of the medical degree, and on the association of empathy measures with gender and specialty preferences in one medical school in Portugal. Empathy was assessed using the Portuguese adaptation of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-students version (JSPE-spv) among three cohorts of undergraduate medical students in the first (N = 356) and last (N = 120) year. The construct validity of JSPE-spv was cross-validated with Principal Component Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach' Alpha. Global JSPE-spv score differences were examined by year of medical school, gender and specialty preferences (people-oriented vs technology-oriented specialties). Results The empathy scores of students in the final year were higher as compared to first year students (F (1,387) = 19.33, p < .001, ɳ2 p = 0.48; π = 0.99). Female students had higher empathy scores than male students (F (1,387) = 8.82, p < .01, ɳ 2 p = 0.23; π = 0.84). Significant differences in empathy were not found between the students who prefer people-oriented specialties compared to those who favor the technology-oriented specialties (F (1,387) = 2.44, p = .12, ɳ 2 p = 0.06; π = 0.06). Conclusions This cross-sectional study in one medical school in Portugal showed that the empathy measures of senior year students were higher than the scores of freshmen. A longitudinal cohort study is needed to test variations in students' empathy measures throughout medical school. |
publishDate |
2011 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2011-07 2011-07-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/67449 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1822/67449 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Magalhães, E., Salgueira, A. P., Costa, P., & Costa, M. J. (2011). Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC medical education, 11(1), 52 1472-6920 10.1186/1472-6920-11-52 21801365 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1472-6920-11-52 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
BioMed Central (BMC) |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
BioMed Central (BMC) |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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