Identidade e expressão na obra gráfica de Egon Schiele

• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Melania Alexandra Pereira, 1982-
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10451/33841
• topic: Schiele, Egon, 1890-1918; Desenho; Figura humana; Erotismo; Sexualidade; Identidade; Auto representação; Expressionismo; Empatia; Viena (Áustria) - viragem par ao séc. XX; Desenho

This research focuses on the work of the Austrian artist Egon Schiele, distinguished in the Expressionist movement in the beginning of the 20th century. We intend to reflect on the relevance of the human figure drawing to the construction of identity and to the perception of the world. Approaching themes such as eroticism, sexuality and narcissism, we are particularly interested in analyzing the expressiveness of this artist’s work from an aesthetic, philosophical and psychoanalytic perspective. This approach is based on the drawing of the human body, namely in a self-representative context, which assumes itself as an active process in conceiving the self and the outside world, as well as in communicating sensations and emotions. Taking into consideration the socio-political tensions and the existential issues that were experienced at the end of the 19th century and at the turn of the new century, we propose to highlight, on the one hand, the radicalism of Egon Schiele’s graphic style and his artistic practice; on the other hand, we explore the psychic and emotional sphere manifested throughout his work, leading us to an interpretation that enhances the mental and sensorial process in drawing and the impact of the representation of our own body in the production of self-knowledge and in the individual psychological evolution. In this sense, a reflection on some psychoanalytic concepts became relevant, emphasizing some authors, mainly Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein. We also expose the projective component of drawing in the interpretation of personality, approaching the concepts from the technique proposed by Karen Machover. We further extend this research to the realm of philosophy by relating Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology to the experience of drawing, exploring the sphere of sensations with Gilles Deleuze and describing the theory of empathy, especially in the aesthetic framework. To illustrate this dissertation, we favoured drawings that manifest Egons Schiele’s expression style and the contents covered. Some paintings were also selected to reinforce the psychic component expressed in the drawings and to reflect the allegorical aspects present in his work