Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10071/30592 |
Resumo: | Voting has been a prevalent matter in modern history, and since democracy has been the go-to system for governing nations the interest from malicious actors to disrupt an election has been notorious. Multiple countries have been exploring electronic voting as of Brazil, Australia, and Pakistan. With the development of blockchain technology and it’s immutable and transparent nature there has been multiple studies exploring the use of blockchain technology for voting systems and exploring its flexibility and challenges with maintaining voters’ privacy. This work is composed of two main parts. Firstly, a Systematic Literature Review on the current State of the Art research for blockchain voting systems, exploring solutions and reviews, and categorizing and identifying multiple points in the taxonomy of these solutions. Secondly the Design Science Research (DSR) was chosen to build the artefact, in this case a blockchain voting solution. Multiple versions of the solution were developed with increased complexity and technologies. Exploring the paradigm of the currently available blockchain solutions and new and upcoming cryptographic developments. With each iteration, an evaluation of aspects such as Privacy, Scalability and security were done to identify needed improvements. It was identified that currently used blockchain technology such as Ethereum and other Layer 2 Solutions still lacks the scalability or privacy. That said the exploration of Zero-Knowledge Proof Cryptography and developing roll ups for Ethereum that use Zero-Knowledge Virtual machined Showed a significant development in voters’ privacy, scalability, and decentralization, although this technology is not yet ready to be used in production. |
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Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed frameworkBlockchainFramework -- FrameworkE-votingSistemas distribuídos -- Distributed systemsVoting has been a prevalent matter in modern history, and since democracy has been the go-to system for governing nations the interest from malicious actors to disrupt an election has been notorious. Multiple countries have been exploring electronic voting as of Brazil, Australia, and Pakistan. With the development of blockchain technology and it’s immutable and transparent nature there has been multiple studies exploring the use of blockchain technology for voting systems and exploring its flexibility and challenges with maintaining voters’ privacy. This work is composed of two main parts. Firstly, a Systematic Literature Review on the current State of the Art research for blockchain voting systems, exploring solutions and reviews, and categorizing and identifying multiple points in the taxonomy of these solutions. Secondly the Design Science Research (DSR) was chosen to build the artefact, in this case a blockchain voting solution. Multiple versions of the solution were developed with increased complexity and technologies. Exploring the paradigm of the currently available blockchain solutions and new and upcoming cryptographic developments. With each iteration, an evaluation of aspects such as Privacy, Scalability and security were done to identify needed improvements. It was identified that currently used blockchain technology such as Ethereum and other Layer 2 Solutions still lacks the scalability or privacy. That said the exploration of Zero-Knowledge Proof Cryptography and developing roll ups for Ethereum that use Zero-Knowledge Virtual machined Showed a significant development in voters’ privacy, scalability, and decentralization, although this technology is not yet ready to be used in production.Eleições são um assunto predominante na história moderna, uma vez que a democracia tornou-se o sistema preferencial da maioria dos atuais governos, o interesse de atores maliciosos em corromper uma eleição tem-se tornado crescente. Vários países têm explorado o voto eletrônico, como o Brasil, Austrália e Paquistão. Com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia blockchain e sua natureza imutável e transparente, houve múltiplos estudos explorando o uso da tecnologia em sistemas de votação e examinando a sua flexibilidade em manter o direito de privacidade dos eleitores. Este trabalho é composto por duas partes principais. Em primeiro lugar, uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura sobre a pesquisa atual do Estado da Arte em sistemas de voto baseados em blockchain, explorando soluções, categorizando e identificando pontos na taxonomia dessas soluções. Em segundo lugar, a Metodologia de Design Science Research (DSR) foi escolhida para construir o artefacto, neste caso, uma solução de votação baseada em blockchain. Foram desenvolvidas versões da solução com complexidade e tecnologias crescentes, explorando paradigmas atuais e também novos desenvolvimentos criptográficos. Em cada iteração, uma avaliação de aspetos como privacidade, escalabilidade e segurança foi realizada para identificar melhorias necessárias. Foi identificado que as tecnologias blockchain atualmente usadas, como Ethereum e outras Soluções de Layer 2, ainda carecem escalabilidade e privacidade. No entanto, a exploração de novos paradigmas criptográficos como ZK-Starks e o desenvolvimento de "roll ups" Ethereum que utilizam máquinas virtuais demonstraram avanço significativo na privacidade dos eleitores, escalabilidade e descentralização, embora essa tecnologia ainda não esteja pronta para ser usada em produção.2024-01-25T11:49:52Z2023-11-27T00:00:00Z2023-11-272023-10info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10071/30592TID:203461258engCastro, Antonio Lorenzo Rezende deinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-28T01:20:06Zoai:repositorio.iscte-iul.pt:10071/30592Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T01:58:18.024588Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework |
title |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework |
spellingShingle |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework Castro, Antonio Lorenzo Rezende de Blockchain Framework -- Framework E-voting Sistemas distribuídos -- Distributed systems |
title_short |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework |
title_full |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework |
title_fullStr |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework |
title_full_unstemmed |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework |
title_sort |
Electronic voting through blockchain: A proposed framework |
author |
Castro, Antonio Lorenzo Rezende de |
author_facet |
Castro, Antonio Lorenzo Rezende de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Castro, Antonio Lorenzo Rezende de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Blockchain Framework -- Framework E-voting Sistemas distribuídos -- Distributed systems |
topic |
Blockchain Framework -- Framework E-voting Sistemas distribuídos -- Distributed systems |
description |
Voting has been a prevalent matter in modern history, and since democracy has been the go-to system for governing nations the interest from malicious actors to disrupt an election has been notorious. Multiple countries have been exploring electronic voting as of Brazil, Australia, and Pakistan. With the development of blockchain technology and it’s immutable and transparent nature there has been multiple studies exploring the use of blockchain technology for voting systems and exploring its flexibility and challenges with maintaining voters’ privacy. This work is composed of two main parts. Firstly, a Systematic Literature Review on the current State of the Art research for blockchain voting systems, exploring solutions and reviews, and categorizing and identifying multiple points in the taxonomy of these solutions. Secondly the Design Science Research (DSR) was chosen to build the artefact, in this case a blockchain voting solution. Multiple versions of the solution were developed with increased complexity and technologies. Exploring the paradigm of the currently available blockchain solutions and new and upcoming cryptographic developments. With each iteration, an evaluation of aspects such as Privacy, Scalability and security were done to identify needed improvements. It was identified that currently used blockchain technology such as Ethereum and other Layer 2 Solutions still lacks the scalability or privacy. That said the exploration of Zero-Knowledge Proof Cryptography and developing roll ups for Ethereum that use Zero-Knowledge Virtual machined Showed a significant development in voters’ privacy, scalability, and decentralization, although this technology is not yet ready to be used in production. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-11-27T00:00:00Z 2023-11-27 2023-10 2024-01-25T11:49:52Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10071/30592 TID:203461258 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10071/30592 |
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TID:203461258 |
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eng |
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eng |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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