Avaliação fisiológica e biomecânica longitudinal de nadadores de 9 a 14 anos de idade

• Autor(a) principal: Sara Vanessa Neves Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108797
• topic: Outras ciências sociais; Other social sciences

The performance in swimming is influenced by several factors, especially the physiological and biomechanical, being developed through a well structured training process using a careful planning and periodization. However, studies conducted in children and young people, mainly longitudinal studies, that access the evolution of swimmers performance and its associated factors are scarce. The purpose of this dissertation is to characterize and explain the swimming improvement of age group swimmers during a competitive season, taking into account the their growth and maturation, and their physiological and biomechanical characteristics. In the first study, in a macrocycle, 43 swimmers participated and in the second study, in a competitive season, 34 swimmers participated. In both studies, swimmers performed 400 m front crawl at maximum velocity and were evaluated during physiological recovery (the heart rate at 10 and 30 if at 1 and 2 min, and blood lactate concentrations, glycemia and the Borg scale at 3 min). On side pool was placed a video camera that recorded 15 m of swimming for later analysis of the biomechanical variables (stroke rate and stroke lenght). There was an improvement in time perfomance in the 400m along the macrocycle (444.40 ± 76.95 vs 408.95 ± 61.40) and in a competitive season (432.37 ± 71.78 vs 366.66 ± 47.7). However, during a macrocycle, the physiological variables with the exception of glycemia and biomechanics did not change. During an competitive season there was an increase in blood lactate concentrations (6.04 ± 2.33 vs 7.94 ± 2.74) and stroke lenght (1.58 ± 0.24 vs 1.78 ± 0.22). The competitive performance obtained throughout the macro cycle seems to be due to improved of stroke lenght (there by improving propulsive efficiency), while increased stroke lenght and blood lactate concentration (as a result of technical training and increased of anaerobic training) seem to explain the improvement at 400 m over a competitive season. These experimental data allowed us to perceive the effect of a more specific competitive season on the 400 m performance and respective physiological and biomechanical variables in age group swimmers.