Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/18920 |
Resumo: | The ceramic sanitary ware industry is widespread all over the world. It employs thousands of people and, consequently, has a high financial impact on the global and national economy. The factories associated with this industry are vital in the 21st century as they have a daily production of the most diverse sanitary ware products, which refer to a higher level of comfort for the population. Due to these important items, the words quality and innovation are always present and, consequently, multifunctional teams work incessantly on their continuous improvement. Over the years, some changes have been made in the sanitary ware manufacturing process in order to achieve maximum efficiency. However, due to factors inherent to the manufacture of these products, at the end of the production line, there are defects that prevent a small percentage of them from being sold, as they do not reach the required quality. In order to promote a sustainable economy of resources for the company, it avoids products without the required quality level to be submitted to a new complete production cycle, thus promoting their repair in a simpler and more effective way. With the implementation of laser technology for the recuperation of sanitary ware, replacing the refiring process in the kiln, it is estimated that 9 € will be saved per product, on 5% of an annual production rate of 200,000 pieces. Laser technology, along with its numerous and different applications in the industry field nowadays, has all the means to be capable of performing a correct ink fusion on the defects which appear on ceramic sanitary ware materials, reason why it was tested for this project in a wide range of experimental tests that include provoked defects on ceramic tiles. Some analysis methods were also used, such as a colour difference reading to compare to the standard one (with a statistical approach), or the optical microscope and SEMEDS analysis, to complement the understanding of the results. Finally, two quality tests were performed, namely the autoclave and the acids, bases and staining agents’ tests, with the purpose of proving this method’s effectiveness. Accordingly, it was concluded that the best results, considering defects caused on a white coloured piece, are obtained with an ethyl alcohol-based ink, and the parameters to be used for the laser interaction are manual firing with a power between 50 and 70 W, and an interaction time of 1 to 3 firings of 10 seconds each without the use of any amplifying lens. These values apply for both pinholes and cracks, with a 50 W power and an interaction of 30 seconds being the best. |
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Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laserSanitary wareLaser technologyDefectsPinholesCracksLouça sanitáriaTecnologia laserDefeitosPicadasFissurasThe ceramic sanitary ware industry is widespread all over the world. It employs thousands of people and, consequently, has a high financial impact on the global and national economy. The factories associated with this industry are vital in the 21st century as they have a daily production of the most diverse sanitary ware products, which refer to a higher level of comfort for the population. Due to these important items, the words quality and innovation are always present and, consequently, multifunctional teams work incessantly on their continuous improvement. Over the years, some changes have been made in the sanitary ware manufacturing process in order to achieve maximum efficiency. However, due to factors inherent to the manufacture of these products, at the end of the production line, there are defects that prevent a small percentage of them from being sold, as they do not reach the required quality. In order to promote a sustainable economy of resources for the company, it avoids products without the required quality level to be submitted to a new complete production cycle, thus promoting their repair in a simpler and more effective way. With the implementation of laser technology for the recuperation of sanitary ware, replacing the refiring process in the kiln, it is estimated that 9 € will be saved per product, on 5% of an annual production rate of 200,000 pieces. Laser technology, along with its numerous and different applications in the industry field nowadays, has all the means to be capable of performing a correct ink fusion on the defects which appear on ceramic sanitary ware materials, reason why it was tested for this project in a wide range of experimental tests that include provoked defects on ceramic tiles. Some analysis methods were also used, such as a colour difference reading to compare to the standard one (with a statistical approach), or the optical microscope and SEMEDS analysis, to complement the understanding of the results. Finally, two quality tests were performed, namely the autoclave and the acids, bases and staining agents’ tests, with the purpose of proving this method’s effectiveness. Accordingly, it was concluded that the best results, considering defects caused on a white coloured piece, are obtained with an ethyl alcohol-based ink, and the parameters to be used for the laser interaction are manual firing with a power between 50 and 70 W, and an interaction time of 1 to 3 firings of 10 seconds each without the use of any amplifying lens. These values apply for both pinholes and cracks, with a 50 W power and an interaction of 30 seconds being the best.A indústria cerâmica de artigos para uso sanitário está difundida por todo o mundo. Esta emprega milhares de pessoas e, consequentemente, é responsável por um elevado impacto financeiro na economia global e nacional. As fábricas associadas a esta indústria são vitais no século XXI, uma vez que apresentam uma produção diária dos mais diversos produtos de louça sanitária, que remetem para um elevado nível de conforto da população. Devido a estas peças tão importantes, as palavras qualidade e inovação estão sempre presentes, e como tal, equipas multifuncionais trabalham incessantemente na sua melhoria contínua. Ao longo dos anos foram efetuadas algumas mudanças no processo de fabrico de louça sanitária com vista a alcançar o expoente máximo da sua eficácia. Contudo, decorrente de fatores inerentes ao fabrico destes produtos, no final da linha de produção surgem defeitos que inviabilizam uma pequena percentagem dos mesmos de serem comercializados, por não terem atingido a qualidade requisitada. Por forma a promover uma economia sustentável dos recursos para a empresa, evita-se que as peças sem o nível de qualidade exigido sejam submetidas a um novo ciclo completo de produção, promovendo assim a sua reparação de uma forma mais simples e eficaz. Com a implementação da técnica do laser para a recuperação de louça sanitária, substituindo o processo de recozedura no forno, estima-se que serão poupados 9 € por produto, em 5% de uma taxa de produção anual de 200 000 peças. A tecnologia laser, juntamente com as suas numerosas e diferentes aplicações no campo da indústria nos dias de hoje, possui todos os meios para ser capaz de realizar uma correta fusão da tinta nos defeitos que surgem nos materiais cerâmicos sanitários, razão pela qual foi testada para este projeto num vasto conjunto de ensaios experimentais que contemplam defeitos provocados em azulejos cerâmicos. Utilizaram-se, ainda, alguns métodos de análise, tais como a leitura das diferenças de cor em comparação com o padrão (com uma abordagem estatística), ou o microscópio ótico e a análise SEM-EDS, para complementar a compreensão dos resultados. Por fim, realizaram-se dois ensaios de qualidade, nomeadamente o ensaio do autoclave e dos ácidos, bases e agentes manchantes, com o objetivo de provar a eficácia deste método. Desta forma, chegou-se à conclusão de que os melhores resultados, considerando defeitos provocados numa peça de cor branca, se obtêm para uma tinta à base de álcool etílico e os parâmetros a usar para a interação laser são o disparo manual com uma potência entre 50 e 70 W e um tempo de interação de 1 a 3 disparos de 10 segundos cada sem o uso de qualquer lente amplificadora. Estes valores aplicam-se quer para picadas, quer para fissuras, sendo a potência de 50 W e 30 segundos de interação os melhores.Durão, Luís Miguel PereiraRepositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do PortoCosta, Rúben Daniel Fernandes de Sousa20212024-09-22T00:00:00Z2021-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/18920TID:202775186enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-03-13T13:12:11Zoai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/18920Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T17:38:58.935050Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser |
title |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser |
spellingShingle |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser Costa, Rúben Daniel Fernandes de Sousa Sanitary ware Laser technology Defects Pinholes Cracks Louça sanitária Tecnologia laser Defeitos Picadas Fissuras |
title_short |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser |
title_full |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser |
title_fullStr |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser |
title_full_unstemmed |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser |
title_sort |
Desenvolvimento de um processo de recuperação de louça sanitária através da tecnologia laser |
author |
Costa, Rúben Daniel Fernandes de Sousa |
author_facet |
Costa, Rúben Daniel Fernandes de Sousa |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Durão, Luís Miguel Pereira Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Costa, Rúben Daniel Fernandes de Sousa |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Sanitary ware Laser technology Defects Pinholes Cracks Louça sanitária Tecnologia laser Defeitos Picadas Fissuras |
topic |
Sanitary ware Laser technology Defects Pinholes Cracks Louça sanitária Tecnologia laser Defeitos Picadas Fissuras |
description |
The ceramic sanitary ware industry is widespread all over the world. It employs thousands of people and, consequently, has a high financial impact on the global and national economy. The factories associated with this industry are vital in the 21st century as they have a daily production of the most diverse sanitary ware products, which refer to a higher level of comfort for the population. Due to these important items, the words quality and innovation are always present and, consequently, multifunctional teams work incessantly on their continuous improvement. Over the years, some changes have been made in the sanitary ware manufacturing process in order to achieve maximum efficiency. However, due to factors inherent to the manufacture of these products, at the end of the production line, there are defects that prevent a small percentage of them from being sold, as they do not reach the required quality. In order to promote a sustainable economy of resources for the company, it avoids products without the required quality level to be submitted to a new complete production cycle, thus promoting their repair in a simpler and more effective way. With the implementation of laser technology for the recuperation of sanitary ware, replacing the refiring process in the kiln, it is estimated that 9 € will be saved per product, on 5% of an annual production rate of 200,000 pieces. Laser technology, along with its numerous and different applications in the industry field nowadays, has all the means to be capable of performing a correct ink fusion on the defects which appear on ceramic sanitary ware materials, reason why it was tested for this project in a wide range of experimental tests that include provoked defects on ceramic tiles. Some analysis methods were also used, such as a colour difference reading to compare to the standard one (with a statistical approach), or the optical microscope and SEMEDS analysis, to complement the understanding of the results. Finally, two quality tests were performed, namely the autoclave and the acids, bases and staining agents’ tests, with the purpose of proving this method’s effectiveness. Accordingly, it was concluded that the best results, considering defects caused on a white coloured piece, are obtained with an ethyl alcohol-based ink, and the parameters to be used for the laser interaction are manual firing with a power between 50 and 70 W, and an interaction time of 1 to 3 firings of 10 seconds each without the use of any amplifying lens. These values apply for both pinholes and cracks, with a 50 W power and an interaction of 30 seconds being the best. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z 2024-09-22T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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masterThesis |
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publishedVersion |
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