Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Zornoza-Indart, Ainara
Data de Publicação: 2021
Outros Autores: Lopez-Arce, Paula, López-Polín, Lucía
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2019037
Resumo: Chert tools from Galería and Gran Dolina Caves, located in the Sierra de Atapuerca site complex (Burgos, Spain), were characterized (macro-visual inspection, mineralogical phases, degree of crystallinity, soluble salts, surface morphology and optical surface roughness) and compared to chert samples collected from the surrounding Atapuerca mountain range. The chert tools were studied to determine their causes of decay and for selecting the most compatible consolidation treatments. It was found that samples solely containing quartz were not significantly altered and required little conservation treatment compared to those that contained quartz and moganite, which were more weathered and powdery, requiring consolidation. The efficacy of the consolidating products traditionally used by conservators (acrylic resin and ethyl silicate) to preserve these chert remains, together with novel nanoparticle-based products (SiO2 and a mixture of SiO2 and Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles) were assessed in this study. Changes produced by these consolidating products in the physical (surface morphology and cohesion) and aesthetic properties of the chert tools were evaluated using non-destructive techniques (peeling test, spectrophotometry and optical surface roughness), followed by destructive techniques, such as SEM and XRD.   Received: 2019-10-8 Revised: 2020-4-1 Accepted: 2020-4-9 Online: 2020-6-29 Publication: 2021-2-10
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spelling Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating productsArtefatos arqueológicos de cherte de Atapuerca (Burgos, Espanha): caracterização, causas de deterioração e seleção de produtos de consolidação compatíveisArticlesChert tools from Galería and Gran Dolina Caves, located in the Sierra de Atapuerca site complex (Burgos, Spain), were characterized (macro-visual inspection, mineralogical phases, degree of crystallinity, soluble salts, surface morphology and optical surface roughness) and compared to chert samples collected from the surrounding Atapuerca mountain range. The chert tools were studied to determine their causes of decay and for selecting the most compatible consolidation treatments. It was found that samples solely containing quartz were not significantly altered and required little conservation treatment compared to those that contained quartz and moganite, which were more weathered and powdery, requiring consolidation. The efficacy of the consolidating products traditionally used by conservators (acrylic resin and ethyl silicate) to preserve these chert remains, together with novel nanoparticle-based products (SiO2 and a mixture of SiO2 and Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles) were assessed in this study. Changes produced by these consolidating products in the physical (surface morphology and cohesion) and aesthetic properties of the chert tools were evaluated using non-destructive techniques (peeling test, spectrophotometry and optical surface roughness), followed by destructive techniques, such as SEM and XRD.   Received: 2019-10-8 Revised: 2020-4-1 Accepted: 2020-4-9 Online: 2020-6-29 Publication: 2021-2-10Os utensílios de cherte das grutas Galería e Gran Dolina, localizadas no complexo da Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Espanha), foram caracterizados (inspeção macro-visual, fases mineralógicas, grau de cristalinidade, sais solúveis, morfologia da superfície e rugosidade óptica da superfície) e comparadas com amostras de cherte recolhidas na cordilheira de Atapuerca. Os utensílios foram estudados para determinar as causas de deterioração e selecionar os tratamentos de consolidação mais compatíveis. Verificou-se que as amostras contendo exclusivamente quartzo não foram significativamente alteradas e exigiram pouco tratamento de conservação em comparação com as que continham quartzo e moganite, que estavam mais alteradas e pulverulentas, exigindo consolidação. Neste estudo foi avaliada a eficácia dos produtos de consolidação tradicionalmente usados pelos conservadores (resina acrílica e silicato de etila) para preservar os restos de cherte, juntamente com novos produtos baseados em nanopartículas (SiO2 e uma mistura de nanopartículas de SiO2 e Ca(OH)2). As alterações produzidas por estes produtos consolidantes nas propriedades físicas (morfologia e coesão da superfície) e estéticas foram avaliadas por técnicas não destrutivas (teste de descamação, espectrofotometria e rugosidade da superfície óptica), e destrutivas, como SEM e DRX.   Recebido: 2019-10-8 Revisto: 2020-4-1 Aceote: 2020-4-9 Online: 2020-6-29 Publicação: 2021-2-10ARP - Associação Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal2021-02-10T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://doi.org/10.14568/cp2019037eng2182-99421646-043XZornoza-Indart, AinaraLopez-Arce, PaulaLópez-Polín, Lucíainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-09-20T11:11:17Zoai:ojs.revistas.rcaap.pt:article/21629Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T15:49:09.539815Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
Artefatos arqueológicos de cherte de Atapuerca (Burgos, Espanha): caracterização, causas de deterioração e seleção de produtos de consolidação compatíveis
title Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
spellingShingle Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
Zornoza-Indart, Ainara
Articles
title_short Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
title_full Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
title_fullStr Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
title_full_unstemmed Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
title_sort Archaeological chert artifacts from Atapuerca sites (Burgos, Spain): characterization, causes of decay and selection of compatible consolidating products
author Zornoza-Indart, Ainara
author_facet Zornoza-Indart, Ainara
Lopez-Arce, Paula
López-Polín, Lucía
author_role author
author2 Lopez-Arce, Paula
López-Polín, Lucía
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Zornoza-Indart, Ainara
Lopez-Arce, Paula
López-Polín, Lucía
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Articles
topic Articles
description Chert tools from Galería and Gran Dolina Caves, located in the Sierra de Atapuerca site complex (Burgos, Spain), were characterized (macro-visual inspection, mineralogical phases, degree of crystallinity, soluble salts, surface morphology and optical surface roughness) and compared to chert samples collected from the surrounding Atapuerca mountain range. The chert tools were studied to determine their causes of decay and for selecting the most compatible consolidation treatments. It was found that samples solely containing quartz were not significantly altered and required little conservation treatment compared to those that contained quartz and moganite, which were more weathered and powdery, requiring consolidation. The efficacy of the consolidating products traditionally used by conservators (acrylic resin and ethyl silicate) to preserve these chert remains, together with novel nanoparticle-based products (SiO2 and a mixture of SiO2 and Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles) were assessed in this study. Changes produced by these consolidating products in the physical (surface morphology and cohesion) and aesthetic properties of the chert tools were evaluated using non-destructive techniques (peeling test, spectrophotometry and optical surface roughness), followed by destructive techniques, such as SEM and XRD.   Received: 2019-10-8 Revised: 2020-4-1 Accepted: 2020-4-9 Online: 2020-6-29 Publication: 2021-2-10
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-02-10T00:00:00Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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status_str publishedVersion
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url https://doi.org/10.14568/cp2019037
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 2182-9942
1646-043X
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publisher.none.fl_str_mv ARP - Associação Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal
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instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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